Preterm birth: associated risk factors and outcome in tertiary care center

Authors

  • Mamatha B. Shetty Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ramaiah Medical College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
  • Krupa B. M. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ramaiah Medical College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
  • Mounica Malyala Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ramaiah Medical College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
  • Asha Swarup Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ramaiah Medical College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
  • Davis Sabu Pathadan Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ramaiah Medical College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
  • Suneha Pocha Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ramaiah Medical College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20173258

Keywords:

Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, Neonatal mortality, Preterm birth, Previous LSCS

Abstract

Background: The major cause of infant mortality and morbidity is preterm birth. WHO has defined it as any birth before 37 completed weeks of gestation or fewer than 259 days since the last day of menstrual period. Objective of present study was to identify major etiological factors associated with preterm birth, and their effects on mode of delivery and neonatal mortality and morbidity.

Methods: Retrospective cohorts study, which was conducted in M. S. Ramaiah Medical College, over period of 12 months (January 2015 to December 2015). The study included 343 women who delivered preterm they were followed from admission to discharge. Various parameters were analyzed like maternal characteristics, gestational age, associated risk factors, tocolysis, administration of steroids, and neonatal outcome.

Results: The incidence of preterm birth among the total deliveries was approximately 18.01%. Although the risk factors included many, the most common occurring were hypertensive disorders during pregnancy approximately 32.9%, followed by preterm rupture of membranes (18.1%), idiopathic 14.9%, and previous LSCS at 12.2%. Neonatal mortality was 6.9% (24 neonates), and stillborn were 0.5% (2 neonates).

Conclusions: Various risk factors for preterm labour are modifiable hence early detection and treatment prevents maternal morbidity and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Specific emphasis on regular antenatal checkups.

References

Born too soon. The Global Action Report for Preterm Birth, MoD, PMNCH, Save the Children, WHO, New York, NY, USA;2012.

Blencowe H, Cousens S, Oestergaard M, Chou D, Moller AB, Narwal R et al. National, regional and worldwide estimates of preterm birth. Lancet. 2012;379(9832):2162-72.

McPheeters ML, Miller WC, Hartmann KE, Savitz DA, Kaufman JS, Garrett JM, et al. The epidemiology of threatened preterm labor: a prospective cohort study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2005;192;1325-9

Shrestha S, Dangol SS, Shrestha M, Shrestha RP. Outcome of preterm babies and associated risk factors in a hospital. J Nepal Med Assoc. 2010;50(180).

Singh Uma, Singh N, Seth S. A prospective analysis of etiology and outcome of preterm labor. J Obstet Gynecol India. 2007;57(1):48-52.

Diallo FB, Diallo MS, Sylla M, Diaw ST, Diallo TS, Diallo Y et al. Premature delivery - epidemiology, etiologic factors, prevention strategies. Dakar Med. 1998;43:70-3.

Prakash SA, Rasquinha S, Rajaratnam A. Analysis of Risk Factors and Outcome of Preterm Labor. Int J Eng Sci. 2016;2602.

Copper RL, Goldenberg RL, Creasy RK, DuBard MB, Davis RO, Entman SS et al. A multicenter study of preterm birth weight and gestational age specific neonatal mortality. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1993;168:78

Moreau C, Kaminski M, Ancel PY, Bouyer J, Escande B, Thiriez G et al. Previous induced abortions and the risk of very preterm delivery-results of EPIPAGE study. BJOG. 2005;112:430-7.

Carr-Hill RA, Hall MH. The repetition of spontaneous preterm labour. Br J Obstet Gynecol. 1985;92:921-8.

Von Der Pool BA. Preterm labor - diagnosis and treatment. Am Acad Fam Physician. 1998;57(10):2457-64.

Karegoudar D, Prabhu A, Amgain K, Dhital M. Perinatal outcome and associated maternal co-morbid conditions in late preterm births-a prospective study at Kles Dr. Prabhakar Kore Hospital, Belgaum, India. Int J Curr Microbiol App. Sci. 2014;3(6):865-75.

Beck S, Wojdyla D, Say L, Betran AP, Merialdi M, Requejo JH et al. The worldwide incidence of preterm birth: a systematic review of maternal mortality and morbidity. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 2010;88(1):31-8.

Martin JA, Kochanek KD, Strobino DM, Guyer B, MacDorman MF. Annual summary of Vital statistics - 2003. Pediatrics 2005;115:619-34.

Bibby E, Stewart A. The epidemiology of preterm birth. Neuroendocrinol. 2004;25 (Suppl 1):43-7.

Robert CL, Algert CS, Raynes GC, Peat B, Henderson‐Smart DJ. Delivery of singleton preterm infants in New South Wales 1990-1997. Aust NZJ Obstet Gynecol. 2003;43:32-7.

Morten NH, Kallen K, Hagberg H, Jacobsson B. Preterm birth in Sweden 1973-2001. Rate, subgroups and effect of changing patterns in multiple births, maternal age and smoking. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2005;84:558-65.

Lening TN, Roach VJ, Lan TK. Incidence of preterm delivery in Hong Kong Chinese. Aust NZJ Obstet Gynecol. 1998;38:133-7.

Shingairai AF, Siobon DH, Godfrey BW. Risk factors for prematurity at Harare Maternity Hospital, Zimbabwe. Int J Epidemiol. 2004;33:1194-1201.

Downloads

Published

2017-07-26

Issue

Section

Original Research Articles