Placenta previa and its effect on maternal and fetal outcome: retrospective observational study

Authors

  • Durgavathi Kothapalli Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Konaseema Institute of Medical Science, Amalapuram, Andhra Pradesh, India
  • Kameswari Kolluru Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Konaseema Institute of Medical Science, Amalapuram, Andhra Pradesh, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20212656

Keywords:

Feto-maternal outcome, Placenta previa, Risk factor

Abstract

Background: Placenta previa is a condition in which placenta get implanted in the lower uterine segment or cervix, which is a major risk factor for postpartum haemorrhage and morbidity and mortality of the mother and neonate used to increase. Based on literature survey we have designed with an objective to study the risk factors for placenta previa and feto-maternal outcome in cases of placenta previa.

Methods: Based on selection criteria 100 singleton deliveries with placenta previa that took place in the department of obstetrics from December 2017 to December 2020 were enrolled and there medical records were considered for analysis. From medical record details of patients like age, duration of gestation, parity, clinical presentation, details of current and previous pregnancy, history of warning bleeding and gestational age of diagnosis of placenta previa.

Results: Regarding risk factor for placenta previa 48% patients have history of previous LSCS, 22% patients have history of previous abortions. Regarding anti partum complication bleeding PV was present in 24% patients, pre-term labour was present in 46% patients, PIH was present in 10% patients, and abnormal presentation was present in 14 % patients.

Conclusions: From our study we can conclude that placenta previa is common in multiparous women in third decade of life and commonly detected at 36 weeks. Bleeding per vagina was most common clinical presentation and LCSC is common risk factor followed by history of previous abortions. Preterm labour was most common ante partum complication and bleeding per vagina comes next to it. Regarding neonatal outcome most of the neonate was normal without complications.

References

Ellenson LH, Pirog EC. The female genital tract Robbins and cotran, pathologic basic of disease. 8th Edition. Elsevier publication. 2010:22,1055.

Bagga FM, Sze A. Placenta Previa. In: Stat Pearls Treasure Island (FL): Stat Pearls Publishing; 2021 Jan-. Available at https:// www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/books/NBK539818/. Accessed on 12 April 2020.

Jauniaux E, Grønbeck L, Bunce C, Roos LJ, Collins SL. Epidemiology of placenta previa accreta: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2019;9(11):e031193.

Kollmann M, Gaulhofer J, Lang U, Klaritsch P. Placenta praevia: incidence, risk factors and outcome. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2016;29(9):1395-8.

Jing L, Wei G, Mengfan S, Yanyan H. Effect of site of placentation on pregnancy outcomes in patients with placenta previa. PLoS One. 2018;13(7):e0200252.

Ahn KH, Lee EH, Cho GJ, Hong SC, Oh MJ, Kim HJ. Anterior placenta previa in the mid-trimester of pregnancy as a risk factor for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. PLoS One. 2018;13(11):e0207061.

Silver RM. Abnormal placentation: placenta previa, vasa previa, and placenta accreta. Obstet Gynecol. 2015;126(3):654-68.

Sheiner E, Vardi I, Hallak M, Hershkowitz R, Katz M, Mazor M. Placenta previa: obstetric risk factors and pregnancy outcome. J Matern Fetal Med. 2001;10(6):414-9.

Feng Y, Li XY, Xiao J, Li W, Liu J, Zeng X, et al. Risk factors and pregnancy outcomes: complete versus incomplete placenta previa in mid-pregnancy. Curr Med Sci. 2018;38(4):597-601.

Daskalakis G, Simou M, Zacharakis D, Detorakis S, Akrivos N, Papantoniou N, et al. Impact of placenta previa on obstetric outcome. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2011;114(3):238-41.

Senkoro EE, Mwanamsangu AH, Chuwa FS, Msuya SE, Mnali OP, Brown BG, et al. Frequency, risk factors, and adverse fetomaternal outcomes of placenta previa in Northern Tanzania. J Pregnancy. 2017;2017:5936309.

Hossain GA, Islam SM, Mahmood S, Chakraborty RK, Akhter N, Sultana S. Placenta previa and it's relation with maternal age, gravidity and cesarean section. Mymensingh Med J. 2004;13(2):143-8.

Dashe JS, McIntire DD, Ramus RM, Ramos R, Twickler DM. Persistence of placenta previa according to gestational age at ultrasound detection. Obstet Gynecol. 2002;99(51):692-7.

Salman WH, Waeely FA. Predisposing factors and pregnancy outcome in different types of placenta previa. Int J Adv Res Biol Sci. 2009;6(2):13-23.

Sekiguchi A, Nakai A, Kawabata I, Hayashi M, Takeshita T. Type and location of placenta previa affect preterm delivery risk related to antepartum hemorrhage. Int J Med Sci. 2013;10(12):1683-8.

Ikechebelu JI, Onwusulu DN. Placenta praevia: review of clinical presentation and management in a Nigerian teaching hospital. Niger J Med. 2007;16(1):61-4.

Kiondo P, Wandabwa J, Doyle P. Risk factors for placenta praevia presenting with severe vaginal bleeding in Mulago hospital, Kampala, Uganda. Afr Health Sci. 2008;8(1):44-9.

Ananth CV, Smulian JC, Vintzileos AM. The association of placenta previa with history of cesarean delivery and abortion: a metaanalysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1997;177(5):1071-8.

Adere A, Mulu A, Temesgen F. Neonatal and maternal complications of placenta praevia and its risk factors in tikur anbessa specialized and gandhi memorial hospitals: unmatched case-control study. J Pregnancy. 2020;2020:5630296.

Crane JM, Den HMC, Dodds L, Armson BA, Liston R. Neonatal outcomes with placenta previa. Obstet Gynecology. 1999;93(4):541-4.

Downloads

Published

2021-06-28

Issue

Section

Original Research Articles