Prevalence and indications for caesarean section in Enugu state, Nigeria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20214311Keywords:
Caesarean section, Enugu State, Nigeria, Prevalence, Tertiary health facilityAbstract
Background: Caesarean section (C/S) is one of the commonly performed surgical procedures in obstetrics. This procedure has been on the increase in the past decade, creating a public health concern. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and predictors of C/S delivery in a tertiary health facility in Nigeria.
Methods: A prospective cohort study conducted at a tertiary health facility in Nigeria. Data was retrieved from the delivery cards of the mothers. Data was analysed using SPSS version 25 and variables were presented as frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviation. Chi-square test was performed with the level of significance set at p≤0.05. Binary logistic regression was used to determine factors that predicted C/S delivery.
Results: The prevalence of C/S was 48.3%. Commonest indication for C/S was 2 or more previous C/S. Mothers aged >30 years, employed, higher educational level, higher parity and delivered preterm predicted C/S delivery on logistic regression.
Conclusions: The prevalence of C/S was high. Higher maternal age, employment, higher educational level, higher parity and preterm delivery were positively associated with C/S delivery.
References
Fenton PM, Whitty CJM, Reynolds F. Caesarean section in Malawian; prospective study of early maternal and perinatal mortality. Brit Med J. 2003;327:587-98.
Roberts CL, Nippita TA. International caesarean section rates: the rising tide. Lancet Glob Health. 2015;3(5):e241-2.
Luz G, Belizán JM, Lauer JA, Betrán AP, Merialdi M, Althabe F. The global numbers and costs of additionally needed and unnecessary caesarean sections performed per year: overuse as a barrier to universal coverage. World Health Report. 2010;30.
Al Rifai R. Rising cesarean deliveries among apparently low-risk mothers at university teaching hospitals in Jordan: analysis of population survey data, 2002–2012. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2014;2(2):195-209.
World Health Organization Human Reproduction Programme. WHO statement on caesarean section Rates. Reprod Health Matters. 2015;23:149-50.
Baron YM. Does the 10-15% caesarean section rate threshold established by the WHO in 1985 still apply for modern obstetrics in developed countries? Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2016;206:e81.
Betrán AP, Ye J, Moller AB, Zhang J, Gülmezoglu AM, Torloni MR. The increasing trend in caesarean section rates: Global, regional and national estimates: 1990-2014. PLoS One. 2016;11:e0148343.
Betran AP, Torloni MR, Zhang JJ. WHO Statement on Caesarean Section Rates. BJOG. 2016;123:667-70.
Keag OE, Norman JE, Stock SJ. Long-term risks and benefits associated with caesarean delivery for mother, baby, and subsequent pregnancies: Systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Med. 2018;15:e1002494
Sunday-Adeoye I, Kalu CA. Pregnant Nigerian women's view of caesarean section. Niger J Clin Pract. 2011;14:276-9.
Loke AY, Davies L, Li SF. Factors influencing the decision that women make on their mode of delivery: The health belief model. BMC Health Serv Res. 2015;15:274.
Litorp H, Mgaya A, Kidanto HL, Johnsdotter S, Essén B. “What about the mother?” Women’s and caregivers’ perspectives on caesarean birth in a low-resource setting with rising caesarean section rates. Midwifery. 2015;31:713-20.
Shearer EL. Cesarean section: medical benefits and costs. Soc Sci Med. 2011;37(10):1223-31.
Naymi RS, Rehan N. Prevalence and determinants of caesarean section in a Teaching Hospital of Pakistan. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2000;20:479-83.
Oladapo OT, Sotunsu JO, Sule-Odu AO. The rise in caesarean birth rate in Sagamu, Nigeria: reflection of changes in obstetrics practice. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2004;24:377-81.
Njokanma FO, Egri-Okwargi MT, Nwokoro CA, Orebamjo T, Okeke GC. Birth asphyxia, perinatal and maternal mortality associated with caesarean section. Trop J Obstet Gynaecol. 2002;19:25-9.
Notzon FC, Cnattingius S, Bergijo P, Cole S, Taffel S, Irgens L, et al. Caesarean section delivery in the 1980s; International comparison by indication. Am J Obstet Gynaecol. 1994;170:495-504.
World Health Organization. Appropriate technology for birth. Lancet. 1985:2:436-7.
Gibbons L, Belizán JM, Lauer JA, Betrán AP, Merialdi M, Althabe F. The global numbers and costs of additionally needed and unnecessary caesarean sections performed per year: overuse as a barrier to universal coverage. Background Paper 30, World Health Report 2010;30(1):1-31.
Shah A, Fawole B, M’Imunya. Caesarean delivery outcomes from the WHO global survey on maternal and perinatal health in Africa. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2009;107:191-7.
Aisien AO, Lawson JO, Adebayo AA. A five year appraisal of caesarean section in a Northern Nigeria University Teaching Hospital. Niger Postgrad Med J. 2002;9:146-50.
Vivilaki V, Antoniou E. Caesarean section: the underpinning choice? Health Sci J. 2008;2(2):83-8.
Obum JA, Ugboma HAA, Ejikeme BN, Umeora OUJ, Agwu UM. Pattern and outcome of higher order caesarean section in a secondary health facility in Nigeria. Res Obstet Gynaecol. 2012;1(3):19-22.
Ali Y. Analysis of caesarean delivery in Jimma Hospital, south-western Ethiopia. East Afr Med J. 1995;72:60-3.
Tunar MJ. Delivery after one previous caesarean section. Am J Obstet Gynaecol. 1997;176:741-4.
Lumbiganon P, Laopaiboon M, Gülmezoglu AM. Method of delivery and pregnancy outcomes in Asia: the WHO global survey on maternal and perinatal health 2007-08. Lancet. 2010;375:490-9.
Toan TK, Eriksson B, An PN, Chuc NTK, Bongjers G, Gottvall K. Technology preference in choices of delivery care utilization from user perspective-a community study in Vietnam. Am J Public Health Res. 2013;1(1):10-7.
Bayou YT, Mashalla YJS, Thupayagale-Tshweneagae G. Patterns of caesarean-section delivery in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Afr J Prm Health Care Fam Med. 2016;8(2):a953.
Kawungenzi PC, AkiiBua D, Alenei C. Attendance and utilization of antenatal care services: Multi-center study in upcoming areas of Uganda. Open J Prevent Med. 2015;5(3):132-42.
Howson CP, Kinney MV, McDougall L. Born too soon: preterm birth matters. Reprod Health. 2013;10(1):S1.
Nwoga HO, Ajuba MO, Igweagu CP. Born too soon; implications in a tertiary health facility in Enugu State Nigeria. Int J Health Sci Res. 2021;11(6):190-6.
