Prevalence and genotype distribution of human papilloma virus in cervical samples of young married women: a hospital based prospective cross-sectional study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20214317Keywords:
Human papilloma virus, Cervical cancer, Screening, Prevalence, Genotype-DNA PCRAbstract
Background: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and genotypes of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the cervical samples of young married women at a tertiary care hospital in Chhattisgarh. A prospective cross-sectional observational study was performed in married women, aged 18 to 30 years.
Methods: Relevant history was noted and cervical samples were collected and tested for HPV deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Data was compiled to calculate the prevalence of HPV and the genotypic distribution.
Results: The overall prevalence of HPV in this study was 22.73% and that of type 16 and 18 either alone or in combination with other subtypes was 17.26%. They were the commonest subtypes. HPV positivity was inversely related to education levels (Chi square, p=0.05). There was a significant difference in parity of women testing positive for HPV versus those negative for HPV (one tailed Pr (t<t)=0.03, 95% CI=1.445 to 1,865 at 108 degrees of freedom). No difference was observed between education and socio economic levels of positive versus negative women. Type 16 and 18 accounted for 76% of all HPV subtypes detected.
Conclusions: The prevalence of HPV infection is high in Indian women. The high risk oncogenic types are the commonest subtypes. There is an urgent need to screen for the presence of high risk HPV infections in younger women so that they may be followed up more closely to prevent cervical cancers.
References
Forounzanfar M, Foreman K, Delossantos A, Lozano R, Murray C, Naghavi M. Breast and cervical cancer in 187 countries between 1980 and 2010: a systematic analysis. The Lancet. 2011;378(9801):1461-84.
Sarma U, Mahanta J, Borkakoty B, Sarmah B. Distribution of human papilloma virus infections of uterine cervix among women of reproductive age--a cross sectional hospital-based study from North East India. Asian Pacific J Canc Prev. 2015;16(4):1519-23.
Schiffman M, Bauer H, Hoover R, Glass A, Cadell D, Rush B, et al. Epidemiologic evidence showing that human papillomavirus infection causes most cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1993;85:958-64.
Bosch F, Lorincz A, Munoz N, Meijer C, Shah K. The causal relation between human papillomavirus and cervical cancer. J Clin Pathol. 2002;55:244-65.
Damasus-Awatai G, Freeman-Wang T. Human papilloma virus and cervical screening. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2003;15(6):473-7.
Li N, Franceschi S, Howell-Jones R, Snijders PJ, Clifford GM. Human papillomavirus type distribution in 30,848 invasive cervical cancers worldwide: Variation by geographical region, histological type and year of publication. Int J Cancer. 2011;128(4):927-35.
Ribeiro A, Figueiredo Alves R, Costa M, Villa L, Zeferino L, Mauricette Derchain S, Dos Santos Carneiro M, Rabelo-Santos et al. Association between HPV types and species groups and cervical neoplasia from a high-risk area for cervical cancer, Goiânia, Brazil. Int J Gynecol Pathol. 2011;30(3):288-94.
Sharma K, Kathait A, Jain A. Higher prevalence of human papillomavirus infection in adolescent and young adult girls belonging to different Indian tribes with varied socio-sexual lifestyle. PLoS One. 2015;10:e0125693
Senapati R, Nayak B, Kar SK, Dwibedi B. HPV Genotypes distribution in Indian women with and without cervical carcinoma: Implication for HPV vaccination program in Odisha, Eastern India. BMC Infect Dis. 2017;17(1):30.
Kapoora C, Sharma M. Prevalence of HPV infection in reproductive aged female in Delhi NCR region. Clin Epidemiol Global Health. 2020;8(2):612-5.
Budukh A, Maheshwari A, Palayekar V, Bagal S, Purwar P, Deodhar K, Dikshit R, Badwe R. Prevalence and nonsexual transmission of human papilloma virus (HPV) in the adolescence girls from rural area of Maharashtra state, India. Indian J Cancer. 2018;55(4):336-9.
Sowjanya A, Jain M, Poli U, Padma S, Das M, Shah K, et al. Prevalence and distribution of high-risk human papilloma virus (HPV) types in invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix and in normal women in Andhra Pradesh, India. BMC Infect Dis. 2005;22(5):116.
Bhatla N, Dar L, Rajkumar Patro A, Kumar P, Pati SK, Kriplani A, et al. Human papillomavirus-type distribution in women with and without cervical neoplasia in north India. Int J Gynecol Pathol. 2008;27(3):426-30.
Yuan S, Qiu Y, Xu Y, Wang H. Human papillomavirus infection and female infertility: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Reprod Bio Med Online. 2020;40(2):229-37.
Aggarwal R, Gupta S, Nijhawan R, Suri V, Kaur A, Bhasin V, Arora SK. Prevalence of high--risk human papillomavirus infections in women with benign cervical cytology: a hospital based study from North India. Indian J Cancer. 2006;43(3):110-6.
Franceschi S, Rajkumar R, Snijders P, Arslan A, Mahé C, Plummer M, Sankaranarayanan R, Cherian J, Meijer C, Weiderpass E. Papillomavirus infection in rural women in southern India. Br J Cancer. 2005;92(3):601-6.
Sontakke B, Ambulkar P, Talhar S, Shivkumar P, Bharambe M, Pal A. Molecular Genetic Study to Detect Prevalence of High-risk Human Papilloma Virus Strains (type 16 and 18) in Cervical Lesions and Asymptomatic Healthy Subjects of Rural Central India. J Cytol. 2019;36(1):32-7.
Burd EM. Human papillomavirus and cervical cancer. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2003;16(1):1-17.
