A clinico-social study of polycystic ovarian syndrome in women of reproductive age group at tertiary care centre
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20232725Keywords:
Acne, Hirsutism, Infertility, Oligomenorrhoea, Polycystic ovarian syndromeAbstract
Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome is considered to be a multifaceted disease with a spectrum of manifestation affecting not only women of childbearing age group but also adolescent and post-menopausal women. Most prevalence studies in India prevalence of PCOS as 3.7 %-22.5%. Rotterdam consensus conferences, the revised diagnostics criteria includes any two of the following, oligomenorrhoea/anovulation, clinical and or biochemical signs of hyperandrogenism, polycystic ovaries on the USG and exclusion of other aetiologies such as congenital adrenal hyperplasia, androgen secreting tumor and Cushing syndrome.
Methods: Study was conducted in women of reproductive age group with PCOS attending gynaecological OPD at RNT medical college Udaipur. It is prospective comparative study. Total 290 women included. Study was done to know the association of polycystic ovarian syndrome with the socio-demographic profile of the patient.
Results: Mean age of the study participants was 22.74±3.81 years. About 30.7% are having hirsutism, 66.9% overweight, 21.7% acne, 17.2% infertility, 5.9% amenorrhea, 82.4% oligomenorrhea and 21.4% obesity. 21.7% have acne among the study participants. Around 30.7% had hirsutism.
Conclusions: PCOS was shown to have a very high prevalence in women between the ages of 21 and 30, with a mean age of 23 years. These women came from a middle socioeconomic level and were living in urban regions with a majority of them being students and housewives who had sedentary lifestyle. It was observed that the most frequent clinical symptoms of PCOS in women were oligomenorrhea, weight gain, infertility, hirsutism, and acne.
References
Goodarzi MO, Dumesic DA, Chazenbalk G, Azziz R. Polycystic ovary syndrome: etiology, pathogenesis and diagnosis. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2011;7(4):219-31.
Panda PK, Rane R, Ravichandran R, Singh S, Panchal H. Genetics of PCOS: A systematic bioinformatics approach to unveil the proteins responsible for the PCOS. Genom Data. 2016;8:52-60.
Franks S, McCarthy MI, Hardy K. Development of polycystic ovarian syndrome: involvement of genetic and environmental factors. Int J Androl. 2006;29(1):278-85.
Gill H, Tiwari P, Dabadghao P. Prevalence of polycystic ovarian syndrome in young women from North India: A community-based study. Indian. J. Endocrinol. Metab. 2012;16(suppl 2):S389-92.
Bani Mohammad M, Majdi Seghinsara A. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), Diagnostic criteria, and AMH. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2017;18(1):17-21.
Sheehan MT. Polycystic ovarian syndrome: diagnosis and management. Clin Med Res. 2004;2(1):13-27.
Azziz R. The Androgen Excess and PCOS Society criteria for the polycystic ovary syndrome: the complete task force report. Fertil Steril. 2009;91(2):456-88.
Legro RS. Diagnosis and treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013;98(12):4565-92.
Balen AH. Polycystic ovary syndrome: the spectrum of the disorder in 1741 patients. Hum Reprod. 1995;10(8):2107-11.
Sirmans SM. Epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Epidemiol. 2013;6:1-13.
Azziz R. The prevalence and features of the polycystic ovary syndrome in an unselected population. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89(6):2745-9.
Lizneva D. Androgen excess: investigations and management. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2016;37:98-118.
Ferriman D. Clinical assessment of body hair growth in women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1961;21(11):1440-7.
Schmidt TH. Cutaneous findings and systemic associations in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. JAMA Dermatol. 2016;152(4):391-8.
Diamanti-Kandarakis E. Insulin resistance and the polycystic ovary syndrome revisited: an update on mechanisms and implications. Endocr Rev. 2012;33(6):981-1030.
Lim SS. Overweight, obesity and central obesity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update. 2012;18(6):618-37.
Sam S. Adiposity and metabolic dysfunction in polycystic ovary syndrome. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig. 2015;21(2):107-16.
Ehrmann DA. Prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Diabetes Care. 1999;22(1):141-6.
Diamanti-Kandarakis. Pathophysiology and types of dyslipidemia in PCOS. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2007;18 (7):280-5.
Helvaci. Polycystic ovary syndrome and the risk of obstructive sleep apnea: a meta-analysis and review of the literature. Endocr Connect. 2017;6(7):437-45.
Randeva HS. Cardiometabolic aspects of the polycystic ovary syndrome. Endocr Rev. 2012;33(5):812-41.
Rotterdam ESHRE/ASRM-Sponsored PCOS consensus workshop group: revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Hum Reprod. 2004;19(1):41-7.
Teede HJ. Recommendations from the international evidence-based guideline for the assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2018;110(3):364-79.
Azziz R. Polycystic ovary syndrome. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2016;2(1):16057.
Clark AM. Weight loss results in significant improvement in pregnancy and ovulation rates in anovulatory obese women. Hum Reprod. 1995;10(10):2705-12.
Yildiz BO. Approach to the patient: contraception in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015;100(3):794-802.
Zhao J. The effect of metformin therapy for preventing gestational diabetes mellitus in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a meta-analysis. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2020;128(3):199-205.
Martin KA. Evaluation and treatment of hirsutism in premenopausal women: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2018;103(4):1233-57.
Legro RS. Ovulation induction in polycystic ovary syndrome: current options. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2016;37:152-9.
Balen AH. The management of anovulatory infertility in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: an analysis of the evidence to support the development of global WHO guidance. Hum Reprod Update. 2016;22(6):687-708.
Kiddy DS. Improvement in endocrine and ovarian function during dietary treatment of obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1992;36(1):105-11.
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence: Fertility Problems: Assessment and Treatment. Clinical Guideline CG156. NICE website. Published February 20, 2013. Updated September 6, 2017. Available at: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg156. Accessed February 22, 2022.
Roque M. Letrozole versus clomiphene citrate in polycystic ovary syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis. Gynecol Endocri. 2015;31(12):917-21.
Weiss NS. Gonadotrophins for ovulation induction in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;9:CD010290.
Shinde KS, Patil SS. Incidence and risk factors of polycystic ovarian syndrome among women in reproductiveage group attending a tertiary care hospital in Western Maharashtra.Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2019;8(7):2804-9.
Sonak M, Rathod PD, Patankar US. A prospective observational study of polycystic ovarian syndrome among adolescent and young girls at tertiary care hospital. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2022;11:2487-93.
