Ovarian teratoma induced encephalitis-an ignited brain in the pelvis

Abstract

Ovarian teratomas, are common benign ovarian germ cell tumours that can yield diverse manifestations. Rarely they are associated with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis, a serious, frequently overlooked pathology affecting young women. It is characterized by neuropsychiatric symptoms, seizures, involuntary movements, rapidly progressing to unresponsiveness and coma. Discerning the gynaecological origin of this neurological condition, especially in young women, followed by timely treatment, can significantly improve patient outcomes. We present a case of anti-NMDR encephalitis associated with ovarian teratoma in a 19-year-old female. The patient was successfully managed via ovarian cystectomy and immunomodulatory therapy. A multidisciplinary strategy remains pivotal in managing such cases.