The effect of previous and current COVID-19 infections on amniotic fluid index
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20242804Keywords:
SARS-CoV-2, Amniotic fluid index, Oligohydramnios, Serology testing, COVID-19Abstract
Background: COVID-19 infection had a multisystem effect. Although it does not cross the placenta, it can cause conformational changes that affect placental function, with the possibility of a change in amniotic fluid index and the development of oligohydramnios. The aim of the study is to estimate the effect of COVID-19 previous and current infections on the amniotic fluid index.
Methods: A prospective case-control study was conducted in a major maternity hospital from the 1st of April 2021 to the 1st of October 2021. 125-term pregnant ladies early in labor and had been diagnosed with COVID-19, either current or previous infection (according to serology testing IgG and IgM) were considered the case group, and 125-term pregnant ladies in labor but without COVID-19 infection as a control group. A transabdominal ultrasound was done to measure the amniotic fluid index for comparison between groups.
Results: Cases of previous infection had a reduced level of amniotic fluid index (mean 9.98±4.93), which is statistically significantly lower than both the current infection and control, and the amniotic fluid index of the current infection was not different statistically from the control. Finally, it is 4.48 times more common to develop oligohydramnios if the patient had previous COVID 19 infection (odd ratio 4.48, 95% CI 10.87-1.85).
Conclusion: The previous COVID-19 infection is significantly associated with decreased AFI.
References
Xu W, Li J, He X. Novel coronavirus 2019 novel coronavirus IgM and IgG antibodies in the diagnosis of new coronavirus infection [J/OL]. Chinese J Lab Med. 2020;92:1542-8.
Al-Jawdah K, Aboodi FA, Al Behadili QA, Haroon M. The Effect of COVID-19 infection on severity of acute pancreatitis: A prospective cohort study. AL-Kindy College Med J. 2024;20(1):59-64.
Tang P, Wang J, Song Y. Characteristics and pregnancy outcomes of patients with severe pneumonia complicating pregnancy: a retrospective study of 12 cases and a literature review. BMC pregnancy and childbirth. 2018;18(1):1-6.
Ellington S, Strid P, Tong VT, Woodworth K, Galang RR, Zambrano LD, et al. Characteristics of women of reproductive age with laboratory-confirmed sars-cov-2 infection by pregnancy status-United States. MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2020;69(25):769-75.
Chen S, Huang B, Luo D, Li X, Yang F, Zhao Y, et al. Pregnancy with new coronavirus infection: clinical characteristics and placental pathological analysis of three cases. Zhonghua bing li xue za zhi= Chinese J Pathol. 2020;49(5):418-23.
Ng W, Wong S, Lam A, Mak Y, Yao H, Lee K. The placentas of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome: a pathophysiological evaluation. Pathol. 2006;38(3):210-8.
Di Mascio D, Khalil A, Saccone G, Rizzo G, Buca D, Liberati M, et al. Outcome of coronavirus spectrum infections (SARS, MERS, COVID-19) during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Obst Gyn MFM. 2020;2(2):1001-7.
Hong H, Wang Y, Chung H-T, Chen C-J. Clinical characteristics of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in newborns, infants and children. Pedia and Neonatol. 2020;61(2):131-2.
Figueroa L, McClure EM, Swanson J, Nathan R, Garces AL, Moore JL, et al. Oligohydramnios: a prospective study of fetal, neonatal and maternal outcomes in low-middle income countries. Reproductive Health. 2020;17(1):1-7.
Locatelli A, Zagarella A, Toso L, Assi F, Ghidini A, Biffi A. Serial assessment of amniotic fluid index in uncomplicated term pregnancies: prognostic value of amniotic fluid reduction. The J Maternal-Fetal Neo Med. 2004;15(4):233-6.
Olum R, Chekwech G, Wekha G, Nassozi DR, Bongomin F. Coronavirus Disease-2019: Knowledge, attitude, and practices of health care workers at Makerere university teaching hospitals, Uganda. Frontiers in Public Health. 2020;8:181.
Wastnedge EAN, Reynolds RM, van Boeckel SR, Stock SJ, Denison FC, Maybin JA, et al. Pregnancy and COVID-19. Physiological reviews. 2021;101(1):303-18.
Preboth M. ACOG guidelines on antepartum fetal surveillance. American family physician. 2000;62(5):1184.
Wong YP, Khong TY, Tan GC. The effects of COVID-19 on placenta and pregnancy: What Do We Know So Far? Diagnostics. 2021;11(1):94.
Rizzo G, Mappa I, Maqina P, Bitsadze V, Khizroeva J, Makatsarya A, et al. Effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection during the second half of pregnancy on fetal growth and hemodynamics: A prospective study. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 2021;100(6):1034-9.
Dashraath P, Wong JLJ, Lim MXK, Lim LM, Li S, Biswas A, et al. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and pregnancy. Am J Obst Gynecol. 2020;222(6):521-31.
Patberg ET, Adams T, Rekawek P, Vahanian SA, Akerman M, Hernandez A, et al. Coronavirus disease 2019 infection and placental histopathology in women delivering at term. Am J Obst Gynecol. 2021;224(4):382.
Prabhu M, Cagino K, Matthews KC, Friedlander RL, Glynn SM, Kubiak JM, et al. Pregnancy and postpartum outcomes in a universally tested population for SARS‐CoV‐2 in New York City: a prospective cohort study. BJOG: Int J Obst Gynaecol. 2020;127(12):1548-56.
