Association of lifestyle-related activity with gestational diabetes mellitus among pregnant women

D. G. Sourav; A. S. Priyanka; Tanjeemay Tamanna; Rakib Uz Zaman; Mahfuja Khatun Moni; Sadia Haque Suchona; Nusrat Jahan; Khandokar Tasmia

doi:10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20242466

Authors

D. G. Sourav Department of Admin, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
A. S. Priyanka Department of Infectious Disease, International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh
Tanjeemay Tamanna Department of Infectious Disease, International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh
Rakib Uz Zaman Department of Pediatrics, Holy Care Hospital, Chowmuhoni, Noakhali, Bangladesh
Mahfuja Khatun Moni Department of Community Medicine, Prime Medical College and Hospital, Rangpur, Bangladesh
Sadia Haque Suchona National Tuberculosis Control Programme, DGHS, Civil Surgeon Office, Chuadanga, Bangladesh
Nusrat Jahan Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Khandokar Tasmia Department of Pediatrics, Square Hospital Limited, Dhaka, Bangladesh

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20242466

Keywords:

Socioeconomic factors, Pre-pregnancy BMI, Physical activity, Gestational diabetes mellitus, Lifestyle activities

Abstract

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a significant health concern with complex etiologies involving sociodemographic, lifestyle, and biological factors. This study aimed to explore the relationships between these factors and the risk of GDM in a cohort of pregnant women, with a focus on understanding the impact of lifestyle activities and pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI).

Methods: A case-control study was conducted with 300 pregnant women (150 diagnosed with GDM and 150 healthy controls) at the antenatal clinic of a hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Participants were assessed through detailed questionnaires covering sociodemographic data, obstetric history, and a comprehensive evaluation of lifestyle activities using the pregnancy physical activity questionnaire (PPAQ). Logistic regression analysis was utilized to explore the associations between physical activity levels, pre-pregnancy BMI, and the incidence of GDM.

Results: The study found no significant differences in age and bad obstetric history between cases and controls. However, significant disparities in education level and income brackets were observed, with lower education and income levels associated with higher GDM risk. Lifestyle activities showed varying impacts; higher household activity levels unexpectedly correlated with increased GDM risk, while higher levels of sports, exercise, and transportation activities significantly reduced GDM risk. Additionally, a higher pre-pregnancy BMI was strongly associated with increased GDM risk.

Conclusions: The study highlights the influence of socioeconomic factors and lifestyle activities on GDM risk, demonstrating that both higher physical activity levels and maintaining a normal pre-pregnancy BMI are pivotal in reducing GDM incidence. These findings suggest that interventions aimed at enhancing lifestyle modifications and addressing socioeconomic barriers could be effective in mitigating GDM risk among pregnant women.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Wang MC, Shah N, Petito L, Gunderson E, Grobman W, O’Brien M, et al. Gestational diabetes and overweight/obesity: analysis of nulliparous women in the US, 2011-2019. Am J Prevent Med. 2021;61(6):863-71.

Zhu Y, Zhang C. Prevalence of gestational diabetes and risk of progression to type 2 diabetes: a global perspective. Curr Diabetes Rep. 2016;16:1-11.

Akhter S, Karim MR. Maternal and fetal outcome in gestational diabetes mellitus. J Armed Forces Med Coll Bangladesh. 2020;16(2):18-21.

Gilbert LK, Gross J, Lanzi S, Quansah D, Puder J, Horsch A. How diet, physical activity and psychosocial well-being interact in women with gestational diabetes mellitus: an integrative review. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2019;19.

Aburezq M, AlAlban F, Alabdulrazzaq M, Badr HA. Risk factors associated with gestational diabetes mellitus: The role of pregnancy-induced hypertension and physical inactivity. Pregnancy Hypertens. 2020;22:64-70.

Tsironikos GI, Potamianos P, Zakynthinos GE, Tsolaki V, Tatsioni A, Bargiota A. Effectiveness of lifestyle interventions during pregnancy on preventing gestational diabetes mellitus in high-risk women: a systematic review and meta-analyses of published RCTs. J Clin Med. 2023;12(22):7038.

Rashidi H, Rezaianzadeh A, Tabatabaee S, Mousavi S. Prevalence and risk factors of gestational diabetes mellitus in Yazd Province, Iran. J Midwife Reprod Health. 2021;9:1-6.

Sudasinghe B, Wijeyaratne C, Ginige P. Long and short-term outcomes of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) among south Asian women- a community-based study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2018;145:93-101.

Akter H, Akter T, Kulsum U, Parveen M. Perinatal complications in women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Int J Res Med Sci. 2023;11:1456-9.

Al-Rifai R, Abdo NM, Paulo M, Saha S, Ahmed L. Prevalence of Gestational diabetes mellitus in the middle east and north Africa, 2000-2019: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. Front Endocrinol. 2021;12:668447.

Russo LM, Nobles CJ, Ertel K, Chasan-Taber L, Whitcomb B. Physical activity interventions in pregnancy and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol. 2015;125(3):576-82.

Wang C, Wei Y, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Xu Q, Sun Y, et al. A randomized clinical trial of exercise during pregnancy to prevent gestational diabetes mellitus and improve pregnancy outcome in overweight and obese pregnant women. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2017;216(4):340-51.

Vargas SEV, Chávez-González E. Obstetric-neonatal complications of gestational diabetes: a systematic review. Mex J Med Res ICSA. 2023;11(21):1-8.

Khursheed A. Exploring the role of microfinance in women’s empowerment and entrepreneurial development: a qualitative study. Future Business J. 2022;8(1):57.

Leng J, Shao P, Zhang C, Tian H, Zhang F, Zhang S, et al. Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus and its risk factors in Chinese pregnant women: a prospective population-based study in Tianjin, China. PLoS One. 2015;10.

Chasan-Taber L, Schmidt MD, Roberts DE, Hosmer D, Markenson G, Freedson PS. Development and validation of a pregnancy physical activity questionnaire. Med Sci Sports Exercise. 2004;36(10):1750-60.

Solomon CG, Willett WC, Carey VJ, Rich-Edwards J, Hunter DJ, Colditz GA, et al. A prospective study of pregravid determinants of gestational diabetes mellitus. JAMA. 1997;278(13):1078-83.

Zhang C, Tobias DK, Chavarro JE, Bao W, Wang D, Ley SH, et al. Adherence to healthy lifestyle and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: prospective cohort study. BMJ. 2014;349:g5450.

Torloni MR, Betrán AP, Horta BL, Nakamura MU, Atallah AN, Moron AF, et al. Prepregnancy BMI and the risk of gestational diabetes: a systematic review of the literature with meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2009;10(2):194-203.

Kim SY, Saraiva C, Curtis M, Wilson HG, Troyan J, Sharma AJ. Fraction of gestational diabetes mellitus attributable to overweight and obesity by race/ethnicity, California, 2007-2009. Am J Public Health. 2013;103(10):e65-72.

Dempsey JC, Sorensen TK, Williams MA, Lee IM, Miller RS, Dashow EE, et al. Prospective study of gestational diabetes mellitus risk in relation to maternal recreational physical activity before and during pregnancy. Am J Epidemiol. 2004;159(7):663-70.

Chasan-Taber L, Schmidt MD, Pekow P, Sternfeld B, Manson JE, Solomon CG, et al. Physical activity and gestational diabetes mellitus among Hispanic women. J Womens Health. 2008;17(6):999-1008.

Tobias DK, Zhang C, van Dam RM, Bowers K, Hu FB. Physical activity before and during pregnancy and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis. Diabetes Care. 2011;34(1):223-9.

van Poppel MNM, Ruchat SM, Mottola MF. Physical activity and gestational diabetes mellitus. Karge; 2014:60.