Study the impact of short interpregnancy interval on pregnancy outcome: a case-control study

Sneha Manchanda; Geeta Yadav; Ayesha Ahmad; Uma Gupta

doi:10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20254264

Authors

Sneha Manchanda Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Era’s Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Geeta Yadav Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Era’s Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Ayesha Ahmad Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Era’s Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Uma Gupta Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Era’s Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20254264

Keywords:

Interpregnancy interval, Obstetrical complications, Maternal outcome

Abstract

Background: The inter-pregnancy interval (IPI) refers to the period between the end of one pregnancy and the beginning of the next. It is a significant factor in maternal and neonatal health outcomes. It is typically defined as “the time span between a live birth and the conception/start of the next pregnancy”. The present study was undertaken to find an impact on the association of short interpregnancy intervals with adverse perinatal outcomes.

Methods: The present study was carried out as a case-control study. All pregnant females attending the department of obstetrics and gynecology, Era’s Lucknow Medical College and Hospital were enrolled in the study with short IPI versus normal IPI.

Results: Shorter interpregnancy gap was significantly associated with younger maternal age (15-25 years; RR 1.92), anemia in current pregnancy (RR=1.52), PROM (RR=15.33), birth weight <2.5 kg (RR=2.22). pregnancy complications like PROM, PIH and primary PPH were recorded in 13.8%, 1.7% and 1.7% women in current pregnancy.

Conclusions: Younger married women should be apprised of the need to maintain a reasonable interpregnancy gap as per national health mission guidelines in order to ensure a safe pregnancy and better pregnancy outcomes.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Gebremedhin AT, Regan AK, Malacova E, Marinovich ML, Ball S, Foo D, et al. Effects of interpregnancy interval on pregnancy complications: protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2018;8(8):e025008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025008

Marston C. World Health Organization. Report of a WHO technical consultation on birth spacing: Geneva, Switzerland 13-15 June 2005. 2007. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/ i/item/WHO-RHR-07.1. Accessed on 02 July 2024.

McKinney J, Keyser L, Clinton S, Pagliano C. ACOG Committee Opinion No. 736: Optimizing Postpartum Care. Obstet Gynecol. 2018;132(3):784-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000002849

Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists Best practice in postpartum family planning. Vol. Best Practice Paper No 1. London, UK: Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Available from: https://www.glowm.com/pdf/best-practice-paper-1---postpartum-family-planning.pdf. Accessed on 6 June 2024.

Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. Healthy People.gov. US Healthy people 2020 family planning objective 5. Healthy People 2020. https:// url://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives/topic/family-planning/objectives. Accessed on 6 June 2024.

Tessema GA, Marinovich ML, Håberg SE, Gissler M, Mayo JA, Nassar N, et al. Interpregnancy intervals and adverse birth outcomes in high- income countries: An international cohort study. PLoS One. 2021;16(7):e0255000. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255000

Chauhan G, Tadi P. Physiology, Postpartum Changes. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024.

Jansson MH, Franzén K, Tegerstedt G, Hiyoshi A, Nilsson K. Stress and urgency urinary incontinence one year after a first birth-prevalence and risk factors. A prospective cohort study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2021;100(12):2193-201. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/aogs.14275

Infant and Young Child Feeding: Model Chapter for Textbooks for Medical Students and Allied Health Professionals. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2009. SESSION 2, The physiological basis of breastfeeding. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK148970/. Accessed on 6 June 2024.

Picciano MF. Pregnancy and lactation: physiological adjustments, nutritional requirements and the role of dietary supplements. J Nutr. 2003;133(6):1997S-2002S. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/133.6.1997S

Declercq ER, Sakala C, Corry MP, Applebaum S. Listening to mothers II: Report of the Second National U.S. Survey of Women's Childbearing Experiences: Conducted January-February 2006 for Childbirth Connection by Harris Interactive(R) in partnership with Lamaze International. J Perinat Educ. 2007;16(4):9-14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1624/105812407X244769

Ball SJ, Pereira G, Jacoby P, de Klerk N, Stanley FJ. Re-evaluation of link between interpregnancy interval and adverse birth outcomes: retrospective cohort study matching two intervals per mother. BMJ. 2014;349:g4333. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g4333

Conde-Agudelo A, Rosas-Bermudez A, Kafury-Goeta AC. Birth spacing and risk of adverse perinatal outcomes: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 2006;295(15):1809-23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.295.15.1809

Zhu BP. Effect of interpregnancy interval on birth outcomes: findings from three recent US studies. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2005;89(Suppl 1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgo.2004.08.002

Gurmu L, Wakgari N, Kolola T, Danusa KT. Effect of short inter- pregnancy interval on perinatal outcomes among pregnant women in North-west Ethiopia: a prospective cohort study. Front Public Health. 2022;10:953481. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.953481

Schiller CE, Meltzer-Brody S, Rubinow DR. The role of reproductive hormones in postpartum depression. CNS Spectr. 2015;20(1):48-59. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1092852914000480

Mahfouz EM, El-Sherbiny NA, Wahed WYA, Hamed NS. Effect of inter-pregnancy interval on pregnancy outcome: a prospective study at Fayoum, Egypt. IJMDC. 2018; 2(May 2018):38-44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24911/IJMDC.51-1520268317

Abozeid I, Salem HA, Aly Elboghdady A. Effects of a short interpregnancy interval on pregnancy outcomes. Al-Azhar Int Med J. 2021;2(5):12-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21608/aimj.2021.69103.1444

Jani HT, Sud S, Jeyaseelan S. Impact of interpregnancy interval on maternal and perinatal outcomes. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2023;12:2986-92. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20232934

Elegbua C, Raji H, Biliaminu S, Ezeoke G, Adeniran A. Effect of inter- pregnancy interval on serum ferritin, haematocrit and pregnancy outcome in Ilorin, Nigeria. Afr Health Sci. 2023;23(1):326-37. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v23i1.35

Ali MM, Bellizzi S, Shah IH. The risk of perinatal mortality following short inter-pregnancy intervals-insights from 692 402 pregnancies in 113 Demographic and Health Surveys from 46 countries: a population- based analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2023;11(10):e1544-52. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(23)00359-5

Asnani M, Agarwal A, Singh R, Singh S. Study of correlation of maternal and perinatal outcome with interpregnancy interval at a tertiary care centre. N Indian J OBGYN. 2023;9(2):314-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21276/obgyn.2023.9.2.24

Bera M, Chaudhury N, Samanta S. Interpregnancy interval effect on perinatal outcome- a prospective observational study. J Clin Diagn Res. 2023;17(4):QC01-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2023/57940.17706

Saleh Al-Rumhi AA, Arulappan J, Al-Hashmi I. Short interpregnancy interval and adverse pregnancy outcomes among women in Middle Eastern Country. Br J Midwife. 2023;31(6). DOI: https://doi.org/10.12968/bjom.2023.31.6.325

Lewis P, Mor S. Study on fetomaternal outcome in short interpregnancy interval: case control study. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2020;9:583-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20200341