Impact of pre-pregnancy maternal body mass index on obstetric outcomes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20250859Keywords:
Foetal outcomes, Maternal health, Obstetric outcomes, Pre-pregnancy BMIAbstract
Background: Maternal health is crucial in reproductive medicine and understanding the impact of pre-pregnancy maternal body mass index (BMI) on obstetric outcomes is essential for optimizing maternal and neonatal health. To assess the obstetric outcomes in relation to the various categories of pre-pregnancy BMI.
Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted from 2022-2024 at a tertiary care teaching hospital in Chennai, with a sample size of 3032 pregnant women and their pre-pregnancy BMI and other detail were collected. Results: Most were aged between 26-35 years. Normal BMI was observed in 54.2% of women, followed by 31% overweight and 3.9% obese. Antenatal complications, such as gestational hypertension and diabetes, were more prevalent in overweight and obese groups. Intrapartum complications like induction of labor and caesarean sections were higher among these groups. Postpartum complications, including haemorrhage and sepsis, were more common in obese women. Similarly, foetal complications were prevalent in these groups.
Conclusions: Pre-pregnancy BMI significantly affects obstetric outcomes, with overweight and obese women experiencing higher rates of complications. This underscores the importance of managing maternal weight before and during pregnancy to improve outcomes for both mother and child.
Metrics
References
Santos S, Voerman E, Amiano P, Barros H, Beilin LJ, Bergström A, et al. Impact of maternal body mass index and gestational weight gain on pregnancy complications: an individual participant data meta-analysis of European, North American and Australian cohorts. BJOG Int J Obstet Gynaecol 2019;126(8):984–95. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.15661
Lisonkova S, Muraca GM, Potts J, Liauw J, Chan WS, Skoll A, et al. Association Between Prepregnancy Body Mass Index and Severe Maternal Morbidity. JAMA. 2017;318(18):1777–86. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2017.16191
Woo Baidal JA, Locks LM, Cheng ER, Blake-Lamb TL, Perkins ME, Taveras EM. Risk Factors for Childhood Obesity in the First 1,000 Days: A Systematic Review. Am J Prev Med. 2016;50(6):761–79. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2015.11.012
Wallace JM, Bhattacharya S, Horgan GW. Weight change across the start of three consecutive pregnancies and the risk of maternal morbidity and SGA birth at the second and third pregnancy. PloS One. 2017;12(6):179589. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0179589
Catalano PM, Shankar K. Obesity and pregnancy: mechanisms of short term and long term adverse consequences for mother and child. BMJ. 2017;356:41. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.j1
World Health Organization (WHO). Fact sheets. A healthy lifestyle- WHO recommendations. Available at: https://www.who.int/europe/news. Accessed on 2 1November 2024.
Voerman E, Santos S, Inskip H, Amiano P, Barros H, et al. Life cycle project-maternal obesity and childhood outcomes study group, association of gestational weight gain with adverse maternal and infant outcomes. JAMA. 2019;321(17):1702–15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2019.3820
Sugai S, Nishijima K, Haino K, Yoshihara K. Pregnancy outcomes at maternal age over 45 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM. 2023;5(4):67. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajogmf.2023.100885
Fuchs F, Monet B, Ducruet T, Chaillet N, Audibert F. Effect of maternal age on the risk of preterm birth: A large cohort study. PLoS ONE. 2018;13(1):191002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0191002
Londero AP, Rossetti E, Pittini C, Cagnacci A, Driul L. Maternal age and the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2019;19(1):261. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-019-2400-x
Al Kibria GM, Swasey K, Hasan MZ, Sharmeen A, Day B. Prevalence and factors associated with underweight, overweight and obesity among women of reproductive age in India. Glob Health Res Policy. 2019;4(1):24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41256-019-0117-z
National Family Health Survey-4 (2015-16). India Fact sheet. 2024. Available at: https://bogs.org.in. Accessed on 21 August 2024.
Zong X, Wang H, Yang L, Guo Y, Zhao M, Magnussen CG, et al. Maternal Pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index Categories and Infant Birth Outcomes: A Population-Based Study of 9 Million Mother–Infant Pairs. Front Nutr. 2022;9:789833. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.789833
Chen Q, He Z, Wang Y, Yang X, Liu N, Zhang S, et al. Effect of Maternal Pre-Pregnancy Body Mass Index on Longitudinal Fetal Growth and Mediating Role of Maternal Fasting Plasma Glucose: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2024;17:1911–21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S449706
Poon LC, Nguyen‐Hoang L, Smith GN, Bergman L, O'Brien P, Hod M, et al. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and long‐term cardiovascular health: FIGO best practice advice. Int J Gynecol & Obst. 2023;160:22-34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.14540
Rahnemaei FA, Abdi F, Kazemian E, Shaterian N, Shaterian N, Behesht Aeen F. Association between body mass index in the first half of pregnancy and gestational diabetes: A systematic review. SAGE Open Med. 2022;10:20503121221109911. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/20503121221109911
Liyew AM, Tesema GA, Alamneh TS, Worku MG, Teshale AB, Alem AZ, et al. Prevalence and determinants of anemia among pregnant women in East Africa; A multi-level analysis of recent Demographic and Health Surveys. PLoS ONE. 2021;16(4):250560-75 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250560
Rashidi AA, Heidari Bakavoli AR, Avan A, Aghasizade M, Ghazizadeh H, Tayefi M, et al. Dietary Intake and Its Relationship to Different Body Mass Index Categories: A Population-Based Study. J Res Health Sci. 2018;18(4):426.
Getaneh Y, Fekadu E, Jemere AT, Mengistu Z, Tarekegn GE, Oumer M. Incidence and determinants of adverse outcomes among women who were managed for eclampsia in the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2021;21(1):734. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-021-04199-1