Qualitative assessment of barriers perceived by women using perception scale of barriers in contraceptive use as measurement tool
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20251980Keywords:
Barriers, Contraception, PSBCU scaleAbstract
Background: This study was conducted to determine the barriers and obstacles perceived by women with regard to contraceptive use by using perception scale barriers in contraceptive use (PSBCU) as the measurement tool in women utilizing the family planning services.
Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted amongst 300 reproductive age group of women. Perception scale of barriers to contraceptive use was designed as 5-point Likert scale and the scale contains three dimensions. The domains were emotional dimension (10 items), social dimension (8 items) and cognitive dimension (9 items). The scale was administered using face to face interview. Each perceived obstacle was assessed by women using 5-point Likert scale ranging from strongly agree (score 5) to strongly disagree (score 1). The lowest score obtainable from the scale was 27 whereas the highest score was 135. Highest score indicates maximum barriers.
Results: By administering PSBCU scale, a maximum score was obtained for intra uterine contraceptive devices and a minimum score obtained for DMPA. Therefore, this study showed that intra uterine contraception devices have the highest barriers and long acting injectable-DMPA has lowest barriers.
Conclusions: A scale like PSBCU will be useful to know about the experience of current contraception and obstacles perceived and thereby addressing the issues to improve the uptake of contraception services and as well as to reduce the discontinuation rates.
Metrics
References
Alo OD, Daini BO, Omisile OK, Ubah EJ, Adelusi OE, Idoko-Asuelimhen O. Factors influencing the use of modern contraceptive in Nigeria: a multilevel logistic analysis using linked data from performance monitoring and accountability 2020. BMC Women’s Health. 2020;20(1):191. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-020-01059-6
Sen S, Cetinkaya A, Cavuslar A. Perceptıon scale of barrıers to contraceptıve use: a methodologıcal study. Fertil Res Pract. 2017;3:1-0. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40738-017-0038-9
Starbird E, Crawford K. Healthy timing and spacing of pregnancy: reducing mortality among women and their children. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2019;7(Supplement 2):S211-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-19-00262
Salle A. Review of scientific evidence for birth spacing. World Health Organization, Geneva: Switzerland; 2005:13-15
Noormal AS, Winkler V, Eshraqi AM, Deckert A, Sadaat I, Dambach P. Factors influencing the uptake of short-term contraceptives among women in Afghanistan. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):6632. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-10535-y
Ahmed S, Li Q, Liu L, Tsui AO. Maternal deaths averted by contraceptive use: an analysis of 172 countries. Lancet. 2012;380(9837):111-25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60478-4
Bradshaw CJ, Perry C, Judge MA, Saraswati CM, Heyworth J, Le Souëf PN. Lower infant mortality, higher household size, and more access to contraception reduce fertility in low-and middle-income nations. PloS One. 2023;18(2):e0280260. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280260
International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) and ICF. National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5), 2019-21. India: Volume I. Mumbai: IIPS; 2021.
Gupta YP, Roy NK, Stover J, Jayachandran AA. Modern contraceptive prevalence, unmet need, and met demand for family planning for all 75 districts of Uttar Pradesh state in India: a district level analysis with the family planning estimation tool. Open J Soc Sci. 2021;9(9):279-315. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2021.99021
Westoff, Charles F. New Estimates of Unmet Need and the Demand for Family Planning. DHS Comparative Reports No. 14. Calverton, Maryland, USA: Macro International. 2006.
Gordon C, Sabates R, Bond R, Wubshet T. Women’s education and modern contraceptive use in Ethiopia. Int J Educ. 2011;3(1):1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5296/ije.v3i1.622
Metcalfe A, Talavlikar R, du Prey B, Tough SC. Exploring the relationship between socioeconomic factors, method of contraception and unintended pregnancy. Reprod Health. 2016;13:1-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-016-0151-y
Ewerling F, McDougal L, Raj A, Ferreira LZ, Blumenberg C, Parmar D, et al. Modern contraceptive use among women in need of family planning in India: an analysis of the inequalities related to the mix of methods used. Reprod Health. 2021;18(1):173. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-021-01220-w
Ragland D, Paykachat N, Dajani N. Barriers to intrauterine device use at a university-based women’s clinic. Open J Obstet Gynecol. 2014;4(16):1058. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/ojog.2014.416145
Mishra N, Panda M, Pyne S, Srinivas N, Pati S, Pati S. Barriers and enablers to adoption of intrauterine device as a contraceptive method: a multi-stakeholder perspective. J Fam Med Prim Care. 2017;6(3):616-21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/2249-4863.222028
Islam MM, Rahman MM, Khan MN. Barriers to male condom use in Rohingya refugee camps in Bangladesh: A qualitative study. Lancet Regional Health-Southeast Asia. 2022;2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lansea.2022.04.004
Wiebe ER, Sent L, Fong S, Chan J. Barriers to use of oral contraceptives in ethnic Chinese women presenting for abortion. Contraception. 2002;65(2):159-63. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-7824(01)00297-9