Role of nutrition on male fertility: a narrative review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20252769Keywords:
Male infertility, Nutrition, Dietary patterns, Reproductive health, Oxidative stressAbstract
Male infertility is a significant public health concern in India, contributing to nearly half of all infertility cases among couples. While multiple factors can affect male reproductive health, growing attention has been placed on the role of nutrition. This review investigates the association between dietary habits and male fertility by analysing findings from observational studies and clinical trials. Improved sperm concentration, motility, morphology, and overall semen quality have been linked to a balanced diet full of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, lean meats, and foods high in antioxidants, including vitamins C and E, folate, selenium, and zinc. Conversely, diets high in saturated and trans fats, processed meats, refined sugars, and sugary beverages have been linked to reduced sperm quality and hormonal imbalances. Environmental toxins, pesticide residues in food, obesity, smoking, alcohol use, and physical inactivity further contribute to oxidative stress and hormonal disruption, compounding the problem. In regions of India where dietary patterns are changing due to urbanization and increased consumption of processed foods, these issues are particularly pronounced. The review highlights the importance of improving nutritional awareness and adopting healthier lifestyles as potential strategies to support male reproductive health. Addressing these modifiable factors can significantly enhance fertility outcomes and reduce the burden of infertility in the Indian context.
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