Polycystic ovary syndrome: a comprehensive review of pathophysiology, diagnosis, and emerging management strategies

Mustafa Bashir; Fiza Amin; Huda Amin; Toufeeq Ahmed Teli; Tavseef Ahmad Tali

doi:10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20253125

Authors

Mustafa Bashir Department of Internal Medicine, Government Medical College Baramulla, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Fiza Amin Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Ramzaan Hospital Gogji Bagh, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Huda Amin Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Ramzaan Hospital Gogji Bagh, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Toufeeq Ahmed Teli Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Government Medical College Udhampur, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Tavseef Ahmad Tali Department of Radiation Oncology, Government Medical College Baramulla, Jammu and Kashmir, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20253125

Keywords:

Polycystic ovary syndrome, Insulin resistance, Hyperandrogenism, Gut microbiota, Anti-Müllerian hormone, Reproductive health

Abstract

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder affecting 6-20% of women of reproductive age, characterized by hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, and polycystic ovarian morphology. Its pathophysiology involves intricate interactions among genetic, epigenetic, metabolic, and environmental factors, with insulin resistance, gut microbiota dysbiosis, and novel biomarkers like anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) playing pivotal roles. This review provides an in-depth exploration of PCOS etiology, diagnostic challenges, and management strategies, including lifestyle interventions, pharmacological therapies, and emerging approaches like microbiota modulation and microRNA therapies. We also address long-term health risks, such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and mental health challenges, emphasizing personalized and multidisciplinary treatment strategies.

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References

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