Clinicopathological study of ovarian tumors

Abstract

Background: Ovarian tumors are a significant gynecological concern with high morbidity and mortality due to late-stage diagnosis. Their deep pelvic location and vague early symptoms, such as abdominal pain and bloating, contribute to diagnostic delays. Understanding the clinicopathological profile of ovarian tumors is essential for timely diagnosis, accurate classification, and optimal treatment planning. The aim of the study is to evaluate the clinical presentation and pathological features of ovarian tumors and assess their implications for diagnosis and patient management through a comprehensive clinicopathological study.

Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted over one year in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, LLRM Medical College and SVBP Hospital. Fifty female patients with histopathologically confirmed ovarian tumors were enrolled. Clinical data, imaging findings, and pathological diagnoses were analyzed. Tumor types, symptomatology, and diagnostic correlations were evaluated using SPSS v21.0, with p<0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results: The mean age of patients was 48.3 years. Most belonged to the lower middle socioeconomic class. Abdominal pain (60%) was the most frequent symptom. Benign tumors accounted for 65% of cases, followed by malignant (25%) and borderline (10%). Mean tumor sizes progressively increased from benign to malignant (5.4 cm to 8.9 cm). USG and histopathology findings showed high concordance in malignancy detection but varied slightly for benign and borderline lesions.

Conclusions: Ovarian tumors most commonly present with nonspecific symptoms and are predominantly benign. Tumor size correlates with malignancy. Histopathological confirmation remains essential for accurate diagnosis, reinforcing its role in guiding management.