Maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnancies complicated by renal disease: a single-centre observational study

Aparna Krishnamurthy; Rahul Ashok Mahajan; Hrishikesh Magdum; Sushil Chawla; Anupam Kapur N. M.; Vineet Behera; Ramamoorthy Ananthakrishnan

doi:10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20253542

Authors

Aparna Krishnamurthy Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, INHS, Asvini, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Rahul Ashok Mahajan Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, INHS, Asvini, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Hrishikesh Magdum Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, INHS, Asvini, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Sushil Chawla Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, INHS, Asvini, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Anupam Kapur N. M. DGHS, DGAFMS, New Delhi, India
Vineet Behera Department of Medicine, INHS Kalyani, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Ramamoorthy Ananthakrishnan Department of Medicine, INHS Asvini, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20253542

Keywords:

Chronic kidney disease, Pregnancy, Maternal outcome, Foetal outcome, India, Preterm delivery, Proteinuria

Abstract

Background: Renal disease in pregnancy poses significant risks for both mother and fetus, with increased rates of maternal morbidity, fetal growth restriction, preterm delivery, and adverse neonatal outcomes. In India, women comprise nearly half the renal disease burden, and 3-5% of them conceive. This study evaluates the clinical profile, maternal, and fetal outcomes of pregnancies complicated by renal disease.

Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Western India between February 2020 and July 2023. All pregnant women with documented renal disease or renal abnormalities were included. Data on demographics, comorbidities, renal parameters, obstetric outcomes, and complications were analysed.
Results: Of 44 screened women, 36 met inclusion criteria. Mean age was 29.2±4.7 years; 58.3% were multigravida. Hypertension (27.8%) and proteinuria >1000 mg/day (16.7%) were significant predictors of adverse fetal outcome (p<0.05). Maternal age >30 years and multigravida status were significantly associated with caesarean delivery (p<0.05). Preterm delivery occurred in 41.7%, and intrauterine growth restriction in 25%.

Conclusions: Pregnancies complicated by renal disease represent a high-risk group requiring multidisciplinary management. Preconception counselling, optimal blood pressure control, and close antenatal surveillance can improve outcomes. Larger multicentric studies are needed for more definitive guidance.

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