Association between body mass index in the first trimester of pregnancy and socioeconomic status with pregnancy outcomes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20254260Keywords:
Birth weight, Body mass index, First trimester, Pregnancy outcomes, Maternal health, Neonatal outcomesAbstract
Background: Maternal body mass index (BMI) in early pregnancy and socioeconomic status are important determinants of maternal and fetal health. Their interaction influences pregnancy outcomes, including complications, birth weight, and neonatal health, highlighting the need for early assessment and targeted interventions. To compare pregnancy outcomes in relation to different BMI levels in the first trimester of pregnancy, and to determine whether BMI is related to socioeconomic status.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Bangladesh Medical University, during the period of February 2012 to July 2012. A total of 180 women were admitted to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Bangladesh Medical University, Dhaka. Participants who had fulfilled all inclusion criteria were enrolled in this study.
Results: Low BMI mothers were younger (p=0.002), from low-income groups (p<0.001), and had more preterm births (p<0.001). They and their husbands showed lower education (p=0.05, p<0.001). High BMI mothers were older, delivered earlier (p<0.001), and had higher risks of preeclampsia (37.8%), eclampsia (5.4%), gestational diabetes (29.7%), and wound infection (8.1%). Anemia was frequent in underweight individuals (87%). Caesarean delivery was higher in high BMI (81.8%) and underweight (65.2%). Asphyxia, sepsis, and neonatal death were significantly higher (p=0.001).
Conclusion: High BMI mothers were associated with low education status, low economic status, and adverse pregnancy outcomes, whereas low BMI mothers were associated with low education status and that of her husband, preterm delivery, and adverse pregnancy outcomes.
References
Zhang Y, Lu M, Yi Y, Xia L, Zhang R, Li C, et al. Influence of maternal body mass index on pregnancy complications and outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol. 2024;15:1280692.
Jenabi E, Salehi AM, Aghababaei S, Khazaei S. Pre-Pregnancy Body Mass Index and the Risk of Hyperemesis Gravidarum: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. 2024;51(4):82.
Bryce E, Gurung S, Tong H, Katz J, Lee AC, Black RE, et al. Population attributable fractions for risk factors for spontaneous preterm births in 81 low-and middle-income countries: A systematic analysis. J Global Health. 2022;12:04013.
Maher GM, Ward LJ, Hernandez L, Kublickas M, Duvekot JJ, McCarthy FP, et al. Association between socioeconomic status with pregnancy and neonatal outcomes: An international multicenter cohort. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scandinavica. 2023;102(11):1459-68.
Cadman T, Elhakeem A, Vinther JL, Avraam D, Carrasco P, Calas L, et al. Associations of maternal educational level, proximity to green space during pregnancy, and gestational diabetes with body mass index from infancy to early adulthood: a proof-of-concept federated analysis in 18 birth cohorts. Am J Epidemiol. 2024;193(5):753-63.
Reed J, Case S, Rijhsinghani A. Maternal obesity: perinatal implications. SAGE Open Med. 2023;11:20503121231176128.
Senbanjo OC, Akinlusi FM, Ottun TA. Early pregnancy body mass index, gestational weight gain and perinatal outcome in an obstetric population in Lagos, Nigeria. Pan African Med J. 2021;39(1).
Lin S, Xie C, Teng A, Chen X, Li Y, Zhang Y, et al. Associations of primiparous pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain with cesarean delivery after induction: a prospective cohort study. Front Med. 2024;11:1453620.
Rahman M, Rahman SM, Pervin J, Aktar S, El Arifeen S, Rahman A. Body mass index in early-pregnancy and selected maternal health outcomes: findings from two cohorts in Bangladesh. J Global Health. 2020;10(2):020419.
Xu Q, Ge Z, Bi Y, Hu J, Shen S, Zhu D. The association of gestational weight gain and adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Endocrine Practice. 2019;25(11):1137-50.
Salahuddin M, Mandell DJ, Lakey DL, Eppes CS, Patel DA. Maternal risk factor index and cesarean delivery among women with nulliparous, term, singleton, vertex deliveries, Texas, 2015. Birth. 2019;46(1):182-92.
Pervin J, Venkateswaran M, Nu UT, Rahman M, O’Donnell BF, Friberg IK, et al. Determinants of utilization of antenatal and delivery care at the community level in rural Bangladesh. PloS One. 2021;16(9):e0257782.
Nicholls-Dempsey L, Badeghiesh A, Baghlaf H, Dahan MH. How does high socioeconomic status affect maternal and neonatal pregnancy outcomes? A population-based study among American women. Eu J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2023;20:100248.
Denny HM, Laksono AD, Matahari R, Kurniawan B. The determinants of four or more antenatal care visits among working women in Indonesia. Asia Pacific J Public Health. 2022;34(1):51-6.
Shirvanifar M, Ahlqvist VH, Lundberg M, Kosidou K, Herraiz-Adillo Á, Berglind D, et al. Adverse pregnancy outcomes attributable to overweight and obesity across maternal birth regions: a Swedish population-based cohort study. Lancet Public Health. 2024;9(10):e776-86.
Yu YH, Bodnar LM, Himes KP, Brooks MM, Naimi AI. Association of overweight and obesity development between pregnancies with stillbirth and infant mortality in a cohort of multiparous women. Obstet Gynecol. 2020;135(3):634-43.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
