Study of the effect of vitamin D supplementation on the clinical, metabolic, and hormonal profile of women with polycystic ovary syndrome in walled city of Delhi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20260025Keywords:
PCOS, Vitamin D, Menstrual irregularities, Metabolic profile, Ovarian morphologyAbstract
Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a ubiquitous endocrine disorder often associated with vitamin D deficiency, which may contribute to reproductive and metabolic disturbances. This work gauged the influence of vitamin D supplementation on the clinical, metabolic, hormonal, and sonographic profiles of women having PCOS.
Methods: A hospital-based case control study initially included 60 women diagnosed with PCOS. The final sample size was 56, as two participants in the case group conceived, one in the control group conceived, and another control participant was lost to follow-up. The remaining 56 women were equally divided into two groups: cases (receiving metformin 500 mg BD for 12 weeks + vitamin D 60,000 IU once weekly for 12 weeks with advice for lifestyle and dietary modification) and controls (receiving metformin 500 mg BD for 12 weeks with advice for lifestyle and dietary modification). Clinical symptoms, menstrual patterns, and metabolic, hormonal, and sonographic parameters were evaluated before and after the intervention.
Results: Vitamin D supplementation significantly improved infrequent menses (78.6% to 46.4%, p=0.027) and scanty menses (50% to 21.4%, p=0.048) compared to controls. Weight gain reduced markedly in cases (71.4% to 25%, p=0.0013). Significant reductions were observed in fasting glucose (p=0.001) and postprandial glucose (p=0.022), with high density lipoprotein (HDL) showing a significant rise (p<0.001). Hormonal parameters showed no significant changes. Right ovarian volume decreased modestly (p=0.046).
Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation in PCOS women improved menstrual regularity, weight-related symptoms, glycaemic control, HDL cholesterol, and ovarian morphology, but had limited effects on hormonal parameters.
Metrics
References
Jamilian M, Foroozanfard F, Rahmani E. Effect of two different doses of vitamin D supplementation on metabolic profiles of insulin-resistant patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Nutrients. 2017;9(12):1280. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9121280
Rashad NM, Abd El-Fatah AH, Lashin ME. Impact of vitamin D supplementation on cardio-metabolic status and androgen profile in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: placebo-controlled clinical trial. Middle East Fertility Soc J. 2019;24(1):5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s43043-019-0005-y
Lin MW, Wu MH. The role of vitamin D in polycystic ovary syndrome. Indian J Med Res. 2015;142(3):238-40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/0971-5916.166527
Wehr E, Pieber TR, Obermayer-Pietsch B. Effect of vitamin D3 treatment on glucose metabolism and menstrual frequency in polycystic ovary syndrome women: a pilot study. J Endocrinol Invest. 2011;34(10):757-63.
Gupta T, Rawat M, Gupta N, Arora S. Study of Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on the Clinical, Hormonal and Metabolic Profile of the PCOS Women. J Obstet Gynaecol India. 2017;67(5):349-55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13224-017-1008-1
Garg S, Makhija N. A study on effect of vitamin D supplementation in vitamin D deficient females with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2022;11:2398-405. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20222300
Teede HJ, Misso ML, Costello MF, Dokras A, Laven J, Moran L, et al. Recommendations from the international evidence-based guideline for the assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod. 2018;33(9):1602-18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dey256
Miao CY, Fang XJ, Chen Y, Zhang Q. Effect of vitamin D supplementation on polycystic ovary syndrome: A meta-analysis. Exp Ther Med. 2020;19(4):264-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2020.8525
Trummer C, Schwetz V, Kollmann M, Wölfler M. Effects of vitamin D supplementation on metabolic and endocrine parameters in PCOS: a randomized-controlled trial. Eur J Nutr. 2019;58(5):2019-28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-018-1760-8
Wen X, Wang L, Li F, Yu X. Effects of vitamin D supplementation on metabolic parameters in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. J Ovarian Res. 2024;17(1):147. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13048-024-01473-6
Han Y, Cao Q, Qiao X, Huang W. Effect of vitamin D supplementation on hormones and menstrual cycle regularization in polycystic ovary syndrome women: A systemic review and meta-analysis. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2023;49(9):2232-44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jog.15727
Li HW, Brereton RE, Anderson RA, Wallace AM, Ho CK. Vitamin D deficiency is common and associated with metabolic risk factors in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Metabolism. 2011;60(10):1475-81. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2011.03.002
Firouzabadi Rd, Aflatounian A, Modarresi S. Therapeutic effects of calcium & vitamin D supplementation in women with PCOS. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2012;18(2):85-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2012.01.005
International evidence-based guideline for the assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome. Copyright Monash University, Melbourne, Australia. 2018. Available at: https://www.monash. edu/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/1412644/PCOS_Evidence-Based-Guidelines_20181009.pdf. Accessed on 27 October 2025.
Teede HJ, Tay CT, Laven JJE, Dokras A; International PCOS Network. Recommendations from the 2023 international evidence-based guideline for the assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol. 2023;189(2):G43-64.
Grzeczka A, Graczyk S, Skowronska A, Relevance of Vitamin D and Its Deficiency for the Ovarian Follicle and the Oocyte: An Update. Nutrients. 2022;14(18):3712. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14183712
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
