An observational study on level of serum lipid profile in early second trimester as a predictor of pre-eclampsia and relation of different dyslipidemias with pre-eclampsia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20261598Keywords:
Preeclampsia, Dyslipidemia, High density lipoprotein, Low density lipoproteinAbstract
Background: Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy condition that affects 2–8% of pregnant women worldwide and significantly increase the incidence of morbidity and mortality for both mother and newborns. Dyslipidemia has been implicated as a predictor of PE due to its role in endothelial dysfunction and vascular damage. This study aimed to evaluate the serum lipid profile in the early second trimester (14–20 weeks) as a predictor of Preeclampsia and to investigate the relationship between PE risk and dyslipidemia.
Methods: This descriptive observational study was conducted at BRD Medical College, Gorakhpur, from May 2023 to April 2024. A total of 171 pregnant women (14–20 weeks gestation) were included, with exclusion criteria such as preexisting hypertension, diabetes, and multiple pregnancies. Fasting blood samples were analyzed for lipid profiles, and participants were categorized based on National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) guidelines into normal or abnormal lipid profile groups. Blood pressure was monitored, and participants were followed until 48 hours postpartum to confirm PE diagnoses.
Results: Among the participants, 21.6% developed PE, with dyslipidemia observed in 71.3% of the total sample. Key lipid profile parameters (triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL, and VLDL) were significantly elevated in those with PE, while HDL was reduced. The most accurate lipid predictor of PE was total cholesterol, with an accuracy of 68.2%, sensitivity of 81.1%, and specificity of 55.3%.
Conclusion: The study emphasizes how early second-trimester lipid profile can be used to predict PE. Increased PE risk was linked to elevated levels of LDL, VLDL, total cholesterol, and triglycerides. Early identification and management of dyslipidemia could reduce maternal and neonatal complications, underscoring its importance in antenatal care.
References
Check J, Shuster C, Hofheimer J, Camerota M, Dansereau LM, Smith LM, et al. Preeclampsia, Fetal Growth Restriction, and 24-Month Neuro-development in Very Preterm Infants. JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(7):e2420382.
Karrar SA, Martingano DJ, Hong PL. Preeclampsia. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. 2026.
Phipps E, Prasanna D, Brima W, Jim B. Preeclampsia: updates in pathogenesis, definitions, and guidelines. C J Am Society Nephrol. 2016;11(6):1102-13.
Ales KL, Norton ME, Druzin ML. Early prediction of antepartum hypertension. Obstet Gynecol. 1989;73(6):928-33.
Bellos I, Pergialiotis V, Loutradis D, Daskalakis G. The prognostic role of serum uric acid levels in preeclampsia: A meta‐analysis. J Clin Hypertension. 2020;22(5):826-34.
Kametas NA, Nzelu D, Nicolaides KH. Chronic hypertension and superimposed preeclampsia: screening and diagnosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2022;226(2):S1182-95.
Li J, Lu J, Wang M, Hu W, Jin N, Li X, Zhao B, Luo Q. Predictive value of second-trimester maternal lipid profiling in early-onset pre-eclampsia: a prospective cohort study and nomogram. Front Med. 2021;8:688312.
Adank MC, Benschop L, Peterbroers KR, Gregoor AM, Kors AW, Mulder MT, et al. Is maternal lipid profile in early pregnancy associated with pregnancy complications and blood pressure in pregnancy and long term postpartum?. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2019;221(2):150-e1.
Khaire AA, Thakar SR, Wagh GN, Joshi SR. Placental lipid metabolism in preeclampsia. J Hypertension. 2021;39(1):127-34.
Serrano NC, Guio-Mahecha E, Quintero-Lesmes DC, Becerra-Bayona S, Paez MC, Beltran M, et al. Lipid profile, plasma apolipoproteins, and pre-eclampsia risk in the GenPE case-control study. Atherosclerosis. 2018;276:189-94.
Tesfa E, Nibret E, Munshea A. Maternal lipid profile and risk of pre-eclampsia in African pregnant women: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Plos One. 2020;15(12):e0243538.
Murmu S, Dwivedi J. Second-trimester maternal serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin and lipid profile as a predictor of gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and eclampsia: a prospective observational study. Int J Appl Basic Med Res. 2020;10(1):49-53.
El-Ewa A, El-Berry S, Salama K, El-Maghraby N. Lipids and uric acid in mid-second trimester and prediction of adverse pregnancy outcome. Benha Med J. 2018;35(2):145-9.
Adank MC, Benschop L, Peterbroers KR, Gregoor AM, Kors AW, Mulder MT, Schalekamp-Timmermans S, Van Lennep JE, Steegers EA. Is maternal lipid profile in early pregnancy associated with pregnancy complications and blood pressure in pregnancy and long term postpartum? Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2019;221(2):150-e1.
Vani I, Gayathri A, Nagamani T, Sunieeta H. Lipid profile parameters in normal and preeclampsia complicating pregnancies - A prospective observational study. The Am J Sci Med Res. 2015;1(1):61-6.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
