Pregnancy outcome in women with first trimester vaginal bleeding: a prospective cohort study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20261616Keywords:
First trimester, Vaginal bleeding, Risk factors, Miscarriage, Prospective cohort study, Relative riskAbstract
Background: 15 –25% of all pregnant women experience first trimester vaginal bleeding, a major obstetric hazard to the growing embryo. This study aimed to study the maternal and fetal outcome in women with first trimester vaginal bleeding.
Methods: This was a prospective study conducted in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Credence Hospital, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala over a period of 18 months. All women with singleton pregnancy with first trimester vaginal bleeding, were included and compared with group without history of first trimester vaginal bleeding during the same period. A detailed history was taken, the characteristics of all the patients and outcome of mother and baby were noted and data was collected through self-administered pretested structured questionnaire.
Results: It showed that study variables such as age, socio-economic status, BMI, obstetric score, chronic hypertension, hypothyroidism were found to have no statistically significant association with vaginal bleeding. Mode of conception, H/O bleeding in previous pregnancies, pre gestational diabetes were statistically significant. Variables such as GDM, PROM, FGR, preterm delivery, mode of delivery, gestational age were examined as statistically significant risk factors of first trimester vaginal bleeding. Incidence of miscarriage, gestational diabetes, PPROM, FGR, Preterm delivery, Low birth weight, Low APGAR score and NICU admissions were higher in subjects with first trimester bleeding when compared to comparative group.
Conclusions: Such high-risk cases need utmost care and well-equipped medical center so that risk can be reduced or prevented.
Metrics
References
Park IY, Park CH, Lee G, Shin JC. Prognosis of threatened abortion by embryonic/fetal heart beat rate. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2006;32(5):P264. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2006.02.1204
Coomarasamy A, Harb HM, Devall AJ, Cheed V, Roberts TE, Goranitis I, et al. Progesterone to prevent miscarriage in women with early pregnancy bleeding: the PRISM RCT. Health Technol Assess. 2020;24(33):1-70. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3310/hta24330
Suganya M, Kasthuri V. Pregnancy outcome in women with first trimester bleed: a prospective study in a tertiary care hospital. MedPulse Int J Gynaecol. 2018;8(2):86-9.
Naskar A, Chowdhury R, Saha PK, Das RK. Evaluation of pregnancy outcome in women with first trimester vaginal bleeding: a longitudinal study at a tertiary care hospital, Kolkata, India. J Clin Diagn Res. 2022;16(9):QC01-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2022/57184.16906
Kanmaz AG, İnan AH, Beyan E, Budak A. The effects of threatened abortions on pregnancy outcomes. Ginekol Pol. 2019;90(4):195-200. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5603/GP.a2019.0035
Arora S, Tanveer R, Gulati R. Effect of non-traumatic first trimester per vaginal bleeding on maternal and fetal outcomes in Indian tertiary care teaching hospital. Int J Community Med Public Health. 2023;10(9):3283-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20232691
Vashisth N. A prospective study to determine the pregnancy and perinatal outcome in pregnant women presenting with first trimester vaginal bleeding. Int J Contemp Med Res. 2020;7(12):L11-5.
Lykke JA, Dideriksen KL, Lidegaard Ø, Langhoff-Roos J. First-trimester vaginal bleeding and complications later in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2010;115(5):935-44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181da8d38
Dharamdasani HH, Patil S. To evaluate pregnancy outcome of patients with first trimester vaginal bleeding. SEEJPH. 2024;25(2):3369-79.
Gupta V, Katyal S, Singh SK. Study of outcome of pregnancies complicated by first trimester bleeding. Int J Acad Med Pharm. 2024;6(4):77-81.
Siddu S, Dhama V, Chaudhary R, Singh S. The study of outcome of pregnancy with first trimester vaginal bleeding and its complications. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2022;11(4):1150-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20220896
Bala N, Kaur N, Shifali A, Wakhloo A, Tabassum N. A study of maternal outcome in first trimester bleeding. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2020;9(5):2104-13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20201813
Dadkhah F, Kashanian M, Eliasi G. A comparison between the pregnancy outcome in women with or without threatened abortion. Early Hum Dev. 2010;86(3):193-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2010.02.005
Hossain R, Harris T, Lohsoonthorn V, Williams MA. Risk of preterm delivery in relation to vaginal bleeding in early pregnancy. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2007;135(2):158-63. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2006.12.003
Umeshchandra S, Patil LD. A study of maternal and foetal outcome in pregnant women with history of first trimester vaginal bleeding. J Evol Med Dent Sci. 2022;11(8):728-37. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14260/jemds.v11i8.165
Agarwal A, Dewan PJ. Study of maternal and perinatal outcomes in pregnant women with first trimester vaginal bleeding in Uttar Pradesh population. Int J Acad Med Pharm. 2022;4(3):86-9.
Ayub M, Begum S, Zamin Y, Khan S, Munir M. Pregnancy outcome in first trimester bleed. Pak J Med Health Sci. 2022;16(6):903-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22166903
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
