Study of placental changes in pregnancy induced hypertension
Keywords:
Pregnancy induced hypertension, Placenta, HistopathologyAbstract
Background: Study of histopathological changes in placenta in pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH).
Methods: Post delivery placentas of 130 cases were examined and findings correlated with severity of PIH.
Results: The mean placental weight was 438.9 gms, 374 gms and 333.86 gms and the mean fetal weight to placental weight ratio was 6.003:1, 5.6:1 and 5.27:1 in cases of mild, moderate and severe PIH respectively. Infarction was seen in 10.25%, 33.3% and 59% and calcification was present in 15.38%, 30% and 50% of the cases of mild, moderate and severe PIH respectively. Retroplacental clot was seen in 36.4% of severe PIH cases. The mean numbers of syncytial knots were 20.4 (mild PIH), 35.97 (moderate PIH) and 59.77 (severe PIH) and 77.27% of severe cases of PIH had >40% areas showing trophoblastic hyperplasia.
Conclusion: PIH adversely influences the placental morphology and histopathological examination post deliveryhelps investigate the mechanism of placental dysfunction in detail.
Metrics
References
Damania KR, Salvi VS, Ratnaparki SK, Daftari SN.The placenta in hypertensive disorder in pregnancy. J Obst and Gynaecol Ind 1989;39:28-31.
Fox, H; The placenta in intra uterine growth retardation.In Ward RHT, Smith SK, Donnai D (Eds). Early foetal growth and development. RCOG Press, London, 1994; Pp : 223 -235.
Kalousek DK, Langlosis S. The effects of placental and somatic chromosomal mosaicism on foetal growth. In: Ward RHT, Smith SK, Donnai (eds), Early foetal growth and development,RCOG Press,1994;Pp 245-256.
Bandana Das, D. Dutta, S. Chakraborthy, P. Nath. Placental morphology in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and its correlation with fetal outcome. J Obstet and Gynecol India, 1996; 46(1) :40-46.
Kher AV, and Zawar MP, et al. Study of placental pathology in toxaemia of pregnancy an distal fetal implications. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 1981;24:245-251.
Udainia A, Bhagwat SS, Mehta CD. Relation between placental surface area, infarction and foetal distress in pregnancy induced hypertension with its clinical relevance. J Anat Soc Ind 2004, 53; 1: 27-30
Naeye RL, Friedman EA.Causes of perinatal death associated with gestational hypertension and proteinuria. Am J Obst & Gynaecol,1979; 133: 8 -11
Mohan Harsh, Sodhi S, Mohan PS, et al. Fetal correlation with placental pathology in toxaemia of pregnancy. J Obstet and Gynecol India 1989; 39 : 170-75
Fox H. General Pathology of placenta. Obstetrics and gynaecological Pathology ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone;1995 .page 1477-1508.
Sodhi S, Mohan H, Jaiswal TS, Mohan PS, Rathee S.Placental pathology in pre-eclampsia eclampsia syndrome. Indian J Pathol Microbiol Jan 1990;33(1):11-6.
Genset DR. Estimating the time of death of stillborn foetuses-II. A study of 71 stillborns. B J Obst Gynaecol 1992; 80: 585 - 592.
Kurdukar MD, Deshpande NM, Shete SS, Zawar MP. Placenta in PIH. IndianJ Pathol Microbiol. 2007 Jul; 50(3):493-7.
Majumdar S, Dasgupta H, Bhattacharya K, Bhattacharya A. A study of placenta in normal and hypertensive pregnancy. J Anat Soc India. 2005;54(2):1-9.
Aparna Narasimha, Vasudeva DS. Spectrum of changes in placenta in toxaemia of pregnancy. Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology March 2011;54(1):15-20.
