Evaluation of contact spermicidal potential of Lantana camara leaf extracts on human spermatozooa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20163868Keywords:
Free radicals, Lantana camara, Pro-oxidant, SpermicidalAbstract
Background: The Present study was designed to evaluate the spermicidal potential of various Lantana camara leaf extracts on healthy human spermatozoa.
Methods: Four different extracts viz. Petroleum ether, Chloroform, Methanol and Water were prepared and diluted to various concentrations. These were then treated with suitably diluted human semen samples. Various parameters like sperm motility, sperm viability, sperm count, hypoosmotic swelling, acrosomal status and function were noted.
Results: The results showed that methanolic and aqueous extracts possessed maximum spermicidal potential in terms of above mentioned sperm health and function parameters. Therefore, methanolic and aqueous extracts were further studied for In-vitro evaluation of pro-oxidant activity by detection of ROS generation using fluorescent probe detection method.
Conclusions: The results revealed that both methanolic and aqueous extracts of Lantana camara possessed pro-oxidant potential which could be attributed for its observed contact spermicidal activity.
References
Herfindal ET and Gourley DR. In: Text Book of Therapeutics, Drug and Disease Management; Ed.7th; Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2000: 2019-2025.
Alvarez-Gomez AM, Cardona-Maya W, Forero J, Cadavid AP. Human Spermicidal Activity of Passiflora edulis Extract. J. Rep. Contra., 2010; 21(2): 95-100.
Chakraborti K, Pal S, Bhattacharya AK. Sperm immobilization activity of Allium sativum L and other plant extracts. Asian J Androl. 2003; 5:131-5.
Kamal R, Gupta RS, Loyiya NK. Plants for male fertility regulation. Phytotherap Res. 2003;17:159-590.
Gupta, R.S, Sharma, R. A review on medicinal plants exhibiting antifertility activity in males. Natur. Prod. Rad. 2006;5(5):389-410.
Badakhshan MP, Sasidharan S, Rameshwar NJ, Ramanathan S. Comparative study: Antimicrobial activity of methanol extracts of Lantana camara Various Parts. Phcog. Res. 2009;1(6):348-51.
Srivastava MC, Kant V, Tewari JP. Anti-inflammatory activity of roots of Argyreia speciosa (Samundrashokha). Mediscope. 1972;15:219-22.
Srivastava, P, Kasoju, N, Bora, U, Chaturvedi, R. Accumulation of Betulinic, Oleanolic, and Ursolic acids in in vitro cell cultures of Lantana camara L. and their significant cytotoxic effects on HeLa cell lines. Biotechnol. Bioprocess Eng. 2010;15(6):1038-46.
Srivastava, P, Kasoju, N, Bora, U, Chaturvedi, R. Dedifferentiation of leaf explants and cytotoxic activity of an aqueous extract of cell cultures of Lantana camara L. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. 2009;99(1):1-7.
Sharma OP, Vaid J, Pattabhi V, Bhutani KK. Biological action of lantadene C, a new hepatotoxicant from Lantana camara var. aculeata. J Biochem Toxicol. 1992;7 (2):73-9.
Henkel RR. Leukocytes and oxidative stress: dilemma for sperm function and male fertility. Asian J Androl. 2011; 13.
Srivastava, P, Chaturvedi, R. Simultaneous determination and quantification of three pentacyclic triterpenoids-betulinic acid, oleanolic acid, and ursolic acid-in cell cultures of Lantana camara L. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant. 2010;46 (6):549-57.
Sander FV, Cramer SD. A practical method of testing the spermicidal action of chemical contraceptives. Hum Fertil. 1941;6:134-8.
World Health Organization. In: Laboratory manual for the examination of human Semen; 5th ed. 2010; pp. 32-44.
Gopal Krishnan K. Standardized procedures in human semen analysis. Curr Sci. 1995;68:353-62.
World Health Organization. In: Laboratory manual for the examination of human semen and sperm–cervical mucus interaction; Ed. 4th, New York: Cambridge University. 1999; pp. 68-70.
Wang, H, Joseph JA. Quantifying cellular oxidative stress by dichlorofluorescein assay using microplate reader. Free Radic Bio Med. 1999;27:612-6.
WHO. In: Nutrition for health and development and A global agenda for combating malnutrition, World Health Organization, Nutrition for Health and Development (NHD), Sustainable Development and Healthy Environments (SDE). 2000.
Jayendran RS, Van der Ven HH, Perez-Pelaez M, Crabo BG, Zaneveld LJD. Development of an assay to assess the functional integrity of the human sperm membrane and its relationship to other semen characteristics. J Reprod Fertil. 1984;70:219-28.
Lohiya NK, Kothari LK, Manivannan B, Mishra PK, Pathak N. Human sperm immobilization effect of Carica papaya seed extracts: as in vitro Study. Asian J Androl. 2000; 2:103-9.
Pimentel D. World Overpopulation. Environ Dev Sustain. 2012;14:151-2.
Farns Worth NR, Waller DP. Current status of plant products reported to inhibit sperm. In Res front fertile regul. 1984;2:1-16.
Primorac M. In vitro determination of the spermicidal activity of plant Saponins. Pharmazie. 1985;40:585.
Harat ZN. Immobilization effect of Ruta graveolens L. on human sperm: a new hope of male contraception. J Ethnopharmacol. 2008; 115:36-41.
Delgado NM. Effects of a purified fraction from Echeveria gibbiflora aqueous crude extract on guinea-pig spermatozoa. Phytother Res. 1999;13:46-9.
Kumar S, Biswas S, Mandal D, Roy HN, Chakraborty S, Kabir SN, et al. Chenopodium album seed extract:a potent spermimmobilization agent both in vitro and in vivo. Contraception. 2007;75:71-8.
Souad K, Ali S, Mounir TM. Spermicidal activity of extract from Cestrum parqui. Contraception. 2007;75:152-6.
Khillare B, Shrivastav TG. Spermicidal activity of Azarichta indica (neem) leaf extract. Contraception. 2003;68:225-9.
Paul D, Bera S, Jana D, Maiti R, Ghosh D. In vitro determination of the contraceptive spermicidal activity of a composite extract of Achyranthes aspera and Stephania hernandifolia on human semen. Contraception. 2006;73:284-8.
Haeri S, Minaie B, Amin G, Nikfar S, Khorasani R, Esmaily H. Effect of Satureja Khuzestanica essential oil on male rat fertility. Contraception. 2006;77: 495-9.
Agarwal A, Deepinder F, Sharma RK, Ranga G. Effect of cell phone usage on semen analysis in men attending infertility clinic: an observational study. Fertil Steril. 2008;89:124-8.
Kemal Duru N, Morshedi M, Oehninger S. Effects of hydrogen peroxide on DNA and plasma membrane integrity of human spermatozoa. Fertility and Sterility. Int J Mol Sci. 2000;13:14026-52.
Gomez, E, Irvine, D.S, Aitken, R.J. Evaluation of a spectrophotometric assay for the measurement of malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxyalkenals in human spermatozoa, relationships with semen quality and sperm function. Int J Andrology. 1998;21:81-94.
Aitken, R.J, Baker, M.A. Causes and consequences of apoptosis in spermatozoa; contributions to infertility and impacts on development. Int. J. Dev. Biol., 2013; 57: 265-272.
Sharma RK, Agarwal A. Role of reactive oxygen species in male infertility. Urology. 1996;48:835-50.
Sikka SC. Relative impact of oxidative stress on male reproductive function. Curr Med Chem. 2001;8:851-62.
Saleh RA, Agarwal A. Oxidative stress and male infertility: from research bench to clinical practice. J. Andro. 2002;23:737-52.
Sakkas D, Alvarez J. Sperm DNA fragmentation: mechanisms of origin, impact on reproductive outcome, and analysis. Fertility and Sterility. 2010;93:1027-36.
Twigg JP, Irvine DS, Aitken RJ. Oxidative damage to DNA in human spermatozoa does not preclude pronucleus formation at intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Hum Reprod. 1998;13:1864-71.
Aitken RJ, Baker MA, Sawyer D. Oxidative stress in the male germ line and its role in the aetiology of male infertility and genetic disease. Reproductive Biomedicine Online. 2003;7:65-70.
Duru N, Morshedi M, Oehninger S. Effects of hydrogen peroxide on DNA and plasma membrane integrity of human spermatozoa. Fertility and Sterility. 2000;74:1200-7.
Agarwal A, Said TM. Role of sperm chromatin abnormalities and DNA damage in male infertility. Hum. Reprod. Update. 2003;9:331-45.
Agarwal A, Saleh RA, Bedaiwy MA. Role of reactive oxygen species in the pathophysiology of human reproduction. Fertil Steril. 2003;79:829-43.
Wang X, Sharma RK, Sikka SC, Thomas AJ, Falcone T, Agarwal A. Oxidative stress is associated with increased apoptosis leading to spermatozoa DNA damage. J Andro. 2003;23:737-52.
