An epidemiological study to assess bone mineral density and its association with contributing factors among premenopausal and postmenopausal women in selected villages of District Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India

Authors

  • Nancy Garg Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akal College of Nursing, Baru Sahib, Sirmour, Himachal Pradesh, India
  • Viji Mol G. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akal College of Nursing, Baru Sahib, Sirmour, Himachal Pradesh, India
  • Deepika Sethi Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akal College of Nursing, Baru Sahib, Sirmour, Himachal Pradesh, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20180160

Keywords:

BMD, BMI, Osteopenia, Osteoporosis, Premenopausal women, Postmenopausal women

Abstract

Background: Development of peak bone mass and premenopausal bone loss is determined by the menstrual status of women. Decline in bone mass with age becomes accelerated during menopause. Menopausal bone loss refers to the accelerated bone loss that occurs during the BM) of premenopausal and post-menopausal women, to identify the contributing factors associated with BMD among pre and post-menopausal women, to compare the level of BMD and the contributing factors of pre-menopausal women with post-menopausal women.

Methods: It was quantative research approach and epidemiological analytic research design was used. Total enumeration technique was adopted in this study.

Results: Analysis of data was done in accordance with the objectives of the study. Findings show that among premenopausal women 45.10% of the women had osteopenia and 8.20% of the women had osteoporosis, among postmenopausal women 50.00% of the women had oestriopenic and 41.2% of the women had osteoporosis. The analysis shows that factors such as BMI, Health status, life style, age, economic status and dietary patter plays important role to accelerate the level of T-score more than -1 in both group either premenopausal women or post-menopausal women. It shows the significance at the level of p<0.001.

Conclusions: The study was completed in July 2016, concludes that there are many factors that can lead to have risk of osteoporosis related fracture. As age is increased the risk is also increased to get the fracture. Every woman can go for screening of BMD test to control the risk of fracture.

References

Chintamani, Mani M, Sharma A, Goyal H. Lewis’s Medical Surgical Nursing. 1st ed. India: Elsevier;2011.

Irwin RS, Cerra FB, Rippe JM. Intensive care Medicine. 4th ed. New York: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins;1998.

Quirino MA, Modesto-Filho J, de Lima Vale SH, Alves CX, Leite LD, Brandão-Neto J. Influence of basal energy expenditure and body composition on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. Int J Gen Med. 2012;5:909.

Black J, Hawks JH. Medical Surgical Nursing. 8th ed. India: Saunders Elsevier; 2009.

Sundaravalli, Amrita. To find out the BMD status through QUS test. Indian J Biomed. 2010;7(2):342-4.

Totor SE, Smelter. Medical and Surgical Nursing. 10th ed. New York: Lippincott Williams;2008.

Rao N, Multani SK, Sarathi V. Essential mineral for bone formation, the deficiency of which leads to reduced bone formation. NFI Bulletin. 2010;14(4),342-45

Dsouza MS, Isac c, Venkatesaperumal R, Amritharaj A, Thanks A, Balchandran S et al. Exploring fracture risk among Omani women implication for risk assessment. Open J Nurs. 2012;2:365-71.

Basvanthappa BT. Medical Surgical Nursing. 2nd ed. New Delhi: Jaypee publisher;2009.

Joseph L, Kreiger N, Prior JC, Krikland SA, Murry TM, Hanley DA et al. Oral contraceptive use and bone mineral density in premenopausal women. Canadian Med Assoc. 2001;165(8):1023-8.

Lewis SL, Dirksen SR, Heitkemper MM, Bucher L, Harding MM. Medical surgical nursing assessment and management of clinical problems. 9th ed. Library of congress cataloging: Elsevier;2014.

Sampson HW. Alcohol and other factors affecting osteoporosis risk in women. alchole research and health[Internet]. 2002;26(4):292-8.

Karajibani M, Alamian S, Zakeri Z. Age, weight and body mass index effect on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. osteoporosis foundation. 2014;3(2);345-8.

Burge R, Dawson HB, Solomon DH, Wong JB, King A, Tosteson A. Incidence and economic burden of osteoporosis- related fracture in the United State. J Bone Miner Res. 2007 Mar 1;22(3):465-75.

Multani SK, Sarathi V, Bangar TR, Menon PS, Shah NS. Study of bone mineral density in resident doctor working at a teaching hospital. J Postgrd Med. 2010;56(2):65-70.

Kanis A, Hans D, Cooper C, Baim S, Bilezikian JP, Binkley N, et al. Interpertation and uses of FRAX in clinical practice. Osteoporos Int. 2011 Sep;22(9):2395-411.

Smeltzer SC, Bare BG, Hinkle JL, Cheever KH. Brunner Suddarth’s Text book of Medical and surgical nursing. 11th ed. New Delhi: Wolters Kiuwer;2008.

Cheng ML, Gupta V. Teriparatide- indications beyond osteoporosis. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2012 May;16(3):343-8.

Multani SK, Sarathi V, Bangar TR, Menon PS, Shah NS. Study of bone mineral density in resident doctor working at a teaching hospital. J Postgrad Med. 2010 Apr-Jun;56(2):65-70.

Malhotra N, Mithal A. Osteoporosis in Indian. Indian J Medic. 2008;4(2):263-8.

Marwaha RK1, Tandon N, Garg MK, Kanwar R, Narang A, Sastry A et al. Bone health in healthy Indian population aged 50 years and above. Osteoporos Int. 2011 Nov;22(11):2829-36.

Khadilkar AV, Kajale NA. Bone Health status in Indian women. Indian J Med Res. 2013 Jan;137(1):7-9.

Paul TV, Thomas N, Seshardi MS, Mahendri NV, Jose A. Prevalence of osteoporosis in ambulatory postmenopausal women from a semi-urban region in Southern India: Relation of calcium nutrition and vitamin D Status. Endocr Pract. 2008 Sep 1;14(6):665-71.

Orsini LS, Rousculp MD, Long SR, Wang S. Health care utilization and expenditures in the United States: a study of osteoporosis-related fractures. Osteoporos Int. 2005 Apr;16(4):359-71.

Downloads

Published

2018-01-23

Issue

Section

Original Research Articles