Prevalence of postpartum depression and association with risk factors in a tertiary care hospital
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20180899Keywords:
EPDS, PPD, ScreeningAbstract
Background: Postpartum depression also known as postnatal depression is a non-psychotic depressive disorder of variable severity and it can begin as early as after delivery and can persist indefinitely if untreated. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of postpartum depression by Edinburgh postnatal depression scale and to evaluate the factors predisposing to postpartum depression.
Methods: The present prospective observation study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College, Jabalpur from 1st March 2015 to 31st August 2016. Participants were screened for postnatal depression using EPDS. A risk factor questionnaire that covered key socio-demographic and obstetrics factors were also completed by all the subjects. Main outcome measure: prevalence of a score of 13 or higher, on the EPDS. The data of the present study was recorded into computer and after proper validation, error checking, coding and decoding, the data was compiled and analysed using the SPSS Window, Appropriate univariate and bivariate analysis were carried out using the fisher exact test or Chi-square test for categorical variables.
Results: The present study concludes that the prevalence of postpartum depression is 12.8% (64/500) amongst postnatal women admitted of Obstetrics unit of NSCB Medical College, Jabalpur (Madhya Pradesh) since the prevalence of an EPDS score ≥13 (which is suggestive of PPD) was found in a significant proportion of women, screening for PPD is indicated in all postpartum subjects to identify and promptly treat these women. Identification of a clear association between certain risk factors and PPD will lead to a prompter diagnosis of PPD.
References
Beck CT. Postpartum depression: it is not just the blues. Am J Nur. 2006;106(5):40-50.
Hatton DC, Harrison-hohner J, Coste S. Symptoms of postpartum depression and breast feeding. J Hum Lactation. 2005;21(4):444-9.
Lanes A, Kuk JL, Tamim H. Prevalence and characteristics of postpartum depression symptomatology among Canadian women: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2011;11(1):1.
Steiner M. Postpartum psychiatric disorders. Canadian J Psych. 1990;35(1):85-95.
Wisner KL, Chambers C, Sit DK. Postpartum depression: a major public health problem. JAMA. 2006;296(21):2616-8.
Cox JL, Holden JM, Sagovsky R. Detection of postnatal depression. Development of the 10-item Edinburgh postnatal depression scale. Br J Psych. 1987;150(6):782-6.
McQueen K, Dennis CL. Development of a postpartum depression best practice guideline: a review of the systematic process. J Nurs Care Qual. 2007;22(3):199-204.
Beck CT. Predictors of postpartum depression: an update. Nursing Res. 2001;50(5):275-85.
O'hara MW, Swain AM. Rates and risk of postpartum depression: a meta-analysis. Int Rev Psych. 1996;8(1):37-54.
Stewart DE, Robertson E, Dennis CL, Grace SL, Wallington T. Postpartum depression: literature review of risk factors and interventions. Toronto: University Health Network Women’s Health Program for Toronto Public Health. 2003.
Desai N, Mehta RY, Ganjiwale J. Study of prevalence and risk factors of postpartum depression. Natl J Med Res. 2012;2:2249-95.
Gupta S, Kishore J, Mala YM, Ramji S, Aggarwal R. Postpartum depression in north Indian women: Prevalence and risk factors. J Obstet Gynaecol India. 2013;63(4):223.
Lane B, Roufeil LM, Williams S, Tweedie R. It's just different in the country: postnatal depression and group therapy in a rural setting. social work in health care. 2002;34(3-4):333-48.
Nandi T, Bugdayci R, Dundar P, Sumer H, Sasmaz T. Risk factors for depression in the first postnatal year. Social Psych Psych Epidemiol. 2005;40(9):725-30.
Goyal D, Murphy SO, Cohen J. Immigrant Asian Indian women and postpartum depression. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2006;35:98-104.
Prabhu TR, Asokam TV, Rajeshwari A. Post-partum psychiatric illnesses. J Obstet Gynecol India. 2005;55(4):329-32.
Boyce PM, Todd AL. Increased risk of postnatal depression after emergency. Med J Australia. 1992;157(3):172-4.
Misri S, Sinclair DA, Kuan AJ. Breast-feeding and postpartum depression: is there a relationship? Canadian J Psych. 1997;42(10):1061-5.
Fergerson SS, Jamieson DJ, Lindsay M. Diagnosing postpartum depression: can we do better? Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2002;186(5):899-902.
Johnstone SJ, Boyce PM, Hickey AR, Morris-Yates AD, Harris MG. Obstetric risk factors for postnatal depression in urban and rural community samples. Aus New Zealand J Psych. 2001;35(1):69-74.
Josefsson A, Angelsiöö L, Berg G, Ekström CM, Gunnervik C, Nordin C, et al. Obstetric, somatic, and demographic risk factors for postpartum depressive symptoms. Obstet Gynecol. 2002;99(2):223-8.
