Epidemiological study of congenital malformations at birth in a tertiary health centre in central India

Authors

  • Manuja Naik Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Karnataka, India http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3579-0922
  • Meena Bhargava Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shyam Shah Medical College, Rewa, Madhya Pradesh, India
  • Kalpana Yadav Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shyam Shah Medical College, Rewa, Madhya Pradesh, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20182893

Keywords:

Consanguineous, Congenital malformations, Genetic

Abstract

Background: The proposed study was carried out to determine incidence of congenital malformations, incidence of CM in live and still births, risk factors attributable, maternal and perinatal outcome, to frame the recommendations for early detection and prevention of CM.

Methods: Prospective observational study. The cases selected from those attending the antenatal O.P.D. and those admitted in wards of Obs and Gynae Dept., GMH who delivered congenitally malformed baby dated from August 2013-July 2014. A detailed history, examination, relevant investigations was done.

Results: Out of 9014 deliveries, 110 babies had CM. The incidence of CMs was found to be 1.22%. Maximum number (24.55%) of CM s were of CNS, most common was NTD (Anencephaly). Incidence of CMs was more in still births, mothers of age >40 yrs and <20 yrs, of illiterate, educated <8 std., house wives, rural areas, unbooked and multigravida. Most CM fetuses were delivered prematurely (67.27%). CVS and CNS systems were more commonly involved in consanguinous married couples. CM was associated with drug intake, 1.82% on antiepileptics, 1.82% on antihypertensives, 3.64% on oral hypoglycaemics,0.91% on NSAID,6.36% on unspecified drugs. 12.73% CMs were seen in passive smokers, 6.36% consumed alcohol, 17.27% pan/gutka intake. Majority were delivered by vaginal route, maximum fetuses (82.73%) were in vertex presentation, maximum (67.27%) CMs were in male babies.

Conclusions: Many malformations arise because of the interplay of genetic, environmental and multifactorial factors. The stress imposed may be reduced considerably by understanding the causes of the malformations and adopting the management strategies outlined for the prevention or reduction of CM.

References

Spranger J, Benirschke K, Jail JG. Errors of morphogenesis, concepts and terms. J Pediatr. 1982;100:160-5.

Congenital Anomalies. WHO Fact sheet N370, October 2012.

Merchant SM, Indian Council of Medical Research, Genetic Research Centre, Bombay Annual Report; 1989: 27.

Singh M. Hospital based data on perinatal and neonatal mortality in India. Indian Paedtr. 1986;23:579-84.

Mishra PC, Bhaveja R. Congenital Malform in newborn-A prospective study. Indian Pediatr. 1989;26:32.

Verma M. Chaatwal J, Singh D. Congenital malformations- a retrospective study of 10,000 cases. India J Paediatr. 1991;58:259-63.

Bhat BV, Ravikumar M. Perinatal mortality in India –Need for introspection. Indian J Martin Child Health. 1996;7:31-3.

Agarwal SS, Singh U, Singh PS, Singh SS, Das V, Sharma A, et al, prevalence and spectrum of congenital malformations in a prospective study at a teaching hospital. Indian J Med Res. 1991;94;413-9.

World health organization. Management of birth defects and haemoglobin disorders: Report of a Joint WHO-March of Dimes meeting. Geneva, Switzerland, Geneva: WHO; 2006.

Christianson AL, Modell B. Medical Genetics in Developing Countries. Annual Rev Genom Human Genetics. 2004;5:219-65.

Diav-Citrin O, Koren G. Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy: State of the Art 2000. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: The Motherisk Program, the Hospital for Sick Children; 2000.

Bhide P, Sagoo GS, Moorthie S, Burton H, Kar A. Systematic review of birth prevalence of neural tube defects in India. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 2013;97:437-43.

Stevenson RE, Hall JG. (eds). Human Malformations and Related Anomalies. Oxford University Press, New York; 1993:115.

Sharma R. Birth defects in India: Hidden truth, need for urgent attention. Indian J Hum Genet. 2013;19(2):125-9.

Smith DC, Dewey WJ. The emergence of congenital malformations as a publication health problem. In: Development of community health service for children with congenital anomalies. Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1964.

Warkany J. Congenital malformations in the past. J Chron Dis. 1959;10:84.

Munjal P, Thakkar J. Study of gross congenital malformations in newborn. JEMDS. 2013;2(27):4988-93.

Neelakandan, Pugazhendh. Pattern of Congenital Malformations in Newborn. Dept. Of Paediatrics, Coimbatore: E J Tamilnadu Dr. M.G.R medical university. 2011:1-3.

Basavanthappa SP, Pejaver R, Srinivasa V, Raghavendra K, Suresh Babu MT. Spectrum of congenital malformations in newborns. Int J Adv Med. 2014;1(2):82-5.

Lisa M, Hollier, Kenneth J, Kelly MA, Cunningham FG. Maternal Age and Malformations in Singleton Births. Obste Gynaecol. 2000;96:701-6.

Chowdhury FMB. Spectrum of Congenital Anomalies among Children Attending the Pediatric Departments of Dhaka Medical College Hospital. IOSR J Dent Med Sci. 2014;13(2):4.

Mahadevan B, Bhat V. Neural tube defects in Pondicherry. Indian J Pediatr. 2005;72(7):557-9.

Patel ZM. Birth Defect Surveillance study. Indian J. Paediatr. 2005;72(6):489-91.

Gjata S, Roshi E, Gjata A, Burazeri G. Magnitude of Birth Defects In Elbasan Region, Albania, For The Period 2003-2013. Managmt health. 2014;18(2):39-41.

Downloads

Published

2018-06-27

Issue

Section

Original Research Articles