A community based study to determine incidence of cervical cancer and willingness of women to participate in cervical cancer screening program in Navsari, Gujarat, India

Authors

  • Parth H. Vyas Department of Community Health, Gram Seva Trust Sarvajanik Hospital, Kharel, Navsari, Gujarat, India
  • Kanchan Dhadwe Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gram Seva Trust Sarvajanik Hospital, Kharel, Navsari, Gujarat, India
  • Harsha A. Shah Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gram Seva Trust Sarvajanik Hospital, Kharel, Navsari, Gujarat, India
  • Hiral M. Dave Department of Community Health, Gram Seva Trust Sarvajanik Hospital, Kharel, Navsari, Gujarat, India
  • Ashwin A. Shah Department of Medicine, Gram Seva Trust Sarvajanik Hospital, Kharel, Navsari, Gujarat, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20194361

Keywords:

Biopsy, Compliance, Cervical cancer, Incidence, Pap test, Screening

Abstract

Background: Carcinoma of the uterine cervix is a major health problem faced by the Indian women. Regular cervical cytological examination by all sexually active women can prevent the occurrence of carcinoma cervix. Early detection of cervical cancer is possible with Pap smear tests.

Methods: Women above 25 years of age, living in study area and want to participate in study were included. Total 2352 women were enrolled in study. House to house visits were conducted in all the village area by using simple random sampling method. Information about cervical cancer was given. Pap test for cervical cancer screening was carried out by gynaecologist. Cytological examination and confirmation was done by pathologists.

Results: A total of 3001 women had attended village level IEC session and out that, 2352 (78.4%) women took part in the screening program. Out of these 2352 women, 2007 women (85.3% compliance) had given consent for physical cervical examination and Pap smear. The incidence of cervical cancer was 0.2% on the basis of clinical examination and biopsy.

Conclusions: Higher compliance for undergoing vaginal examination and Pap test shows the positive health seeking behaviour of the women but for that, strong IEC and sensitization about the disease must be done to improve the participation. Sensitivity of Pap test was poor and couldn’t find true positive cases.

References

Jacob M. Information, education and communication: Corner stone for preventing cancer of the cervix. Indian J Med Res. 2012;136(2):182-4.

Ferlay J, Shin HR, Bray F, Forman D, Mathers C, Parkin DM. Estimates of worldwide burden of cancer in 2008. Int J Cancer. 2010;127(12):2893-917.

Srivastava AN, Misra JS, Srivastava S, Das BC, Gupta S. Cervical cancer screening in rural India: Status and current concepts. Indian J Med Res. 2018;148:687-96.

Takiar R, Nadayil D, Nandakumar A. Projections of number of cancer cases in India (2010-2020) by cancer groups. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2010;11(4):1045-9.

Swan J, Breen N, Coates RJ, Rimer BK, Lee NC. Progress in cancer screening practices in the United States. Results from the 2000 national health interview survey. 2003;97(6):1528-40.

Harry TK, Felicia MS, Ngugen S. A needs assessment of barriers to cervical cancer screening in Vietnamese American health care providers. Californian J Health Promotion. 2006;4:146-56.

Gakidou E, Nordhagen S, Obermeyer Z. Coverage of cervical cancer screening in 57 countries: low average levels and large inequalities. PloS Med. 2008;5:132.

Aswathy S, Quereshi MA, Kurian B, Leelamoni K. Cervical cancer screening: current knowledge and practice among women in a rural population of Kerala, India. Indian J Med Res. 2012;136(2):205-10.

Sreedevi A, Javed R, Dinesh A. Epidemiology of cervical cancer with special focus on India. Int J Womens Health. 2015;7:405-14.

Walton RJ. Cervical cancer screening programmes. Epidemiology and natural history of carcinoma of cervix. Can Med Ass J. 1976;114:1-32.

Patra S, Upadhyay M, Chhabra P. Awareness of cervical cancer and willingness to participate in screening program: public health policy implications. J Can Res Ther. 2017;13:318-23.

Bhagwan N, Kasturi J, Silvina A, Surendra S, Atul B, Sanjay H, Richard M, Sylla M, Ketayun D, Rengaswamy S. Determinants of women’s participation in cervical cancer screening trial, Maharashtra, India. Bull World Health Organ. 2007;85(4):264-72.

Sherpa A, Karki B, Sundby J, Nygard M, Franceschii S, Clifford G. Population based study of cervical cancer screening in Bharatpur, Nepal. J Manmohan Memorial Inst Health Sci. 2015;1(4):3-8.

World Health Organization‎. Cervical cancer screening in developing countries: report of a WHO consultation, 2002. Available at: https:// apps. who. int/ iris/ handle/10665/42544. Accessed on 28 May 2019.

Prabhakar AK, Menon GR. Age at marriage and cervical cancer incidence. Indian J Cancer. 1995;32:63-8.

Muñoz N, Bosch FX, Sanjosé S, Herrero R, Castellsagué X, Shah KV. Epidemiologic classification of human papillomavirus types associated with cervical cancer. New England J Med. 2003;348(6):518-27.

Desai M. An assessment of community based cancer screening program among Indian women using the anganwadi workers. J obstet Gynecol Ind. 2004:54:483-7.

World Health Organization. Cervical cancer screening programme managerial guidelines. Geneva: WHO; 2006. Available at: https:// apps. who. int/ iris/ handle/10665/39478. Accessed on 28 May 2019.

Yasmeen J, Qurieshi MA, Manzoor NA, Asiya W, Ahmad SZ. Community-based screening of cervical cancer in a low prevalence area of India: a cross sectional study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2010;11(1):231-4.

Arun R, Singh JP, Gupta SB. Cross-sectional study on visual inspection with acetic acid and pap smear positivity rates according to sociodemographic factors among rural married women of Bareilly (Uttar Pradesh). Indian J Community Med. 2018;43:86-9.

Ramesh N, Nihkil D, Thaddaeu V, Cathrin N. Screening for cervical dysplasia and reproductive tract infections among coffee plantation workers in Kodagu District, Karnataka, India. Int J Occupational Safety Health. 2014;4(2):1-4.

Shamima Y, Anindya M. A cyto-epidemiological study on married women in reproductive age group (15-49 years) regarding reproductive tract infection in a rural community of West Bengal. Indian J Public Health. 2012;56(3):204-9.

Mhaske M, Jawadekar SJ, Saundale SG. Study of association of some risk factors and cervical dysplasia/cancer among rural women. Nat Jour of Com Medicine. 2011;2(2):209-12.

Thumoju S, Divyakolu S, Bhopal T, Gowrishetty S, Fatima SS, Ahuja YR, Mohan V. Experiences from cervical cancer screening program conducted at low-resource areas in Telangana. Int J Med Public Health. 2018;8(3):112-5.

Sharma P, Rahi M, Lal P. A community-based cervical cancer screening program among women of Delhi using camp approach. Indian J Community Med. 2010;35(1):86-8.

Downloads

Published

2019-09-26

Issue

Section

Original Research Articles