Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus, its associated risk factors and pregnancy outcomes at a rural setup in Central India
Keywords:
Gestational diabetes mellitus, WHO OGTT, PrevalenceAbstract
Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is characterised by carbohydrate intolerance of varying severity with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. GDM is an important public health problem in India.
Method: The present study was carried out in 300 antenatal women. Fasting blood glucose was measured after which they were given 75 g oral glucose and plasma glucose was estimated at 2 h. Patients with plasma glucose >140 mg/dl were labelled as GDM. Thus WHO criteria were used for diagnosing GDM. Data was collected from all subjects on demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, education level, parity, family history of diabetes and/or hypertension, BMI, etc. and pregnancy outcome was studied.
Results: Prevalence of GDM was found to be 8.33%. Gestational diabetes mellitus was found to be significantly associated with age, parity, BMI, socioeconomic status, education level and was also found to be associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Conclusion: GDM adversely affects maternal and fetal outcomes and its prevalence is steadily rising. Appropriate interventions are required for its control.
Metrics
References
Yogev Y, Chen R, Langer O, Hod M. Diurnal Glycemic profile characterization in non diabetic non obese subjects during the first trimester. The 37th Annual Meeting of The Diabetes And Pregnancy Study Group, Myconos – Hellas: September, 2005.
Metzger BE, Coustan DR. Summary and recommendations of the Fourth International Workshop Conference on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: The Organising Committee. Diabetes Care 1998; 21 Suppl 2;B161-7.
Brody SC, Harris R, Lohr K. Screening for gestational diabetes: A summary from the US Preventive Services Task Force. Obstet Gynecol 2003:101:380-392.
Agrawal S, Gupta AN. Gestational Diabetes. J Assoc Physicians India 1982;30:203-5.
Narendra J, Munichoodappa C, Gurudas A, Ramprasad AV, Madhav T, Vijayalakshmi, et al. Prevalence of glucose intolerance during pregnancy. Int J Diab Dev Countries 1991;11:2-4.
Wahi P, Dogra V, Jandial K, et al. Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and its outcomes in Jammu region. J Assoc Physicians India. 2011 Apr;59:227-30.
Seshiah V, Das K, Balaji V, Joshi SR, Parikh MN, Gupta S. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus- Guidelines. J Assoc Physicians India 2006;54:622-8.
Das V, Kamra S, Mishra A. Screening for gestational diabetes and maternal and fetal outcome. J Obstet Gynaecol India 2004;54:449-51.
Seshiah V, Balaji V, Balaji MS, et al. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in India. J Assoc Physicians India 2004;52:707-11.
Zargar AH, Sheikh MI, Bashir M, et al. Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in Kashmiri women in Indian subcontinent. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2004;66(2):139-45.
Rajput R, Yadav Y, Nanada S, Rajput M. Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus and associated risk factors at a tertiary care hospital in Haryana. Indian J Med Red 2013;137:728-33.
Balaji V, Balaji M, Seshiah V. Inadequacy of fasting plasma glucose to diagnose gestational diabetes mellitus in Asian Indian women. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2011;94(1):e21-e23.
Badikillaya VU, Adusumalli P, Venkata RG, Pernenkil S. Effectiveness of Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group India Test (DIPSI) Diagnostic Criterion in Detecting Gestational Diabetes Mellitus- a Pilot Study in a Rural Population. Indian J Basic and Applied Medical Research 2013;2:614-61.
Kalra P, Kachhwaha CP, Singh HV. Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus and its outcome in western Rajasthan. Indian J Endocr Metab 2013;17:677-80.
Sharma K, Wahi P, Gupta A, Jandial K, Bhagat R, Gupta R, Gupta S, Singh J. Single Glucose Challenge Test Procedure for Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Jammu Cohort Study. J Assoc Physicians India 2013;61:558-9.
Innes KE, Byers TE, Marshall JA, Baron A, Orleans M, Hamman RF. Association of a woman’s own birth weight with subsequent risk for gestational diabetes. JAMA 2002;287:2534-41.
Nilofer AR, Raju VS, Dakshayini BR, Zaki SA. Screening in high risk group of gestational diabetes mellitus with its maternal and fetal outcomes. Indian J of Endocrinol Metab 2012;16:74-8.
Magon N. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Get, set, go from diabetes capital of the world to diabetes care capital of the world. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2011;15:161-9.
