Study of risk factors for preterm deliveries in a tertiary hospital

Authors

  • Sapna D. Berry Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IGMC Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
  • Rajeev Sood Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IGMC Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
  • Kalpna Negi Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IGMC Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
  • Naveen Kumar Department of Pediatrics, IGMC Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20202752

Keywords:

Etiology, Preterm labour, Risk factors

Abstract

Background: Preterm labour and preterm deliveries are very challenging obstetric complications. Early identification of risk factors may help identify women at risk for preterm deliveries.

Methods: A one-year observational study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, IGMC Shimla, Himachal Pradesh from 1st August 2017 to 31st July 2018. All mothers who delivered between 24 to 37 weeks were subjected to a detailed history with respect to age, parity, previous pregnancy outcomes and to identify the presence of any risk factors. A thorough obstetric and systemic examination was done. Parametric and non-parametric test of significance were used to find the association between different quantitative and qualitative variable.

Results: Incidence of preterm deliveries was 11.4%. Maximum cases were of age group 25-30 years. 71.7% belonged to lower socio-economic status. 54% cases were seen in multigravida. History of previous abortion was seen in 18.4% and 9.7% had history of preterm deliveries. 12% cases had history of 1st trimester bleeding.  Spontaneous onset of preterm labour was seen in 55.1%. The significant risk factors associated were PIH and genitourinary infections.

Conclusions: The risk factors of preterm birth to a large extent can be identified in antenatal period. Adolescent health education including good nutrition, good hygiene, counselling for contraception to reduce unintended pregnancies and birth spacing can lower the preterm birth rate. Better prenatal care, early identification of risk factors and complicated cases, regular follow up and proper management can help us in reducing preterm births.

References

Rao CR, de Ruiter LE, Bhat P, Kamath V, Kamath A, Bhat V. A case-control study on risk factors for preterm deliveries in a secondary care hospital, southern India. Obstet Gynecol. 2014;2014:935982.

Prakash SA, Rasquinha S, Rajaratnam A, Lavanya S. Analysis of risk factors and outcome of preterm labor. Int J of Eng Sci. 2016;6(8):2602-4.

Platt MJ. Outcomes in preterm infants. Public Health. 2014;128(5):399-403.

Naik S, Singh A. Preterm birth: its causes and perinatal outcome. Int J Sci Res. 2018;6(5):501-3.

Das A, Panda S, Ahanthem SS, Sourabh GD, Bhanu Partap SG. Preterm birth: analysis of risk factors and neonatal outcomes. Gynecol Obstet Case Rep. 2015;1:1-5.

Mohokar SA, Bava AK, Nandanwar YS. Analysis of maternal and perinatal outcome in cases of preterm premature rupture of membranes. Bombay Hospital. 2015;57(3):285-96.

Dars S, Malik S, Samreen I, Kazi RA. Maternal morbidity and perinatal outcome in preterm premature rupture of membranes before 37 weeks gestation. Pak J Med Sci. 2014;30(3):626-9.

Shah R, Mullany LC, Darmstadt GL, Mannan I, Rahman SM, Talukder RR, et al. Incidence and risk factors of preterm birth in a rural Bangladeshi cohort. BMC Pediatr. 2014;14:112-22.

Gupta N, Divedi P, Dwivedi D. Preterm labour and its effect on perinatal morbidity and mortality. Int J Reprod, Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2018;7(5):1993-6.

Radhanpuri F, Desai DA, Sharma J, Kaur P. Preterm birth and its outcome. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2014;3(1):153-7.

Fernandes SF, Chandra S. A study of risk factors for preterm labour. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2015;4(5):1306-12.

Shetty MB, Krupa BM, Malyala M, Swarup A, Pathadan DS, Pocha S. Preterm birth: associated risk factors and outcome in tertiary care center. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2017;6(8):3271-4.

Mahajan A, Magon S. Study of risk factors for preterm births in a teaching hospital: a prospective study. Int J Med and Dent Sci. 2017;6(1):1407-12.

Singh U, Singh N, Seth S. A prospective analysis of etiology and outcome of preterm labor. J Obstet Gynecol India. 2007;57(1):48-52.

McIntire DD, Leveno KJ. Neonatal mortality and morbidity rates in late preterm births compared with births at term. Obstet Gynecol. 2008;111(1):35-41.

Henderson JJ, McWilliam OA, Newnham JP, Pennell CE. Preterm birth etiology 2004-2008. Maternal factors associated with three phenotypes: spontaneous preterm labour, preterm pre-labour, rupture of membranes and medically indicated preterm birth. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2012;25(6):642-7.

Downloads

Published

2020-06-25

Issue

Section

Original Research Articles