Gestational weight gain and its effect on fetomaternal outcome
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20204796Keywords:
Gestational weight gain, Fetomaternal outcome, BMIAbstract
Background: In normal pregnancy, variable amount of weight gain is a constant phenomenon. The study aims to find an association between gestational weight gain and fetomaternal outcome. GWG (using institute of medicines guidelines meant for US population) and pregnancy outcomes among Asian Indians across different BMI categories (according to WHO Asia Pacific BMI cut points) were studied.
Methods: 300 women were split into the three groups based on their gestational weight gain. Namely, below recommended GWG, recommended GWG and above recommended GWG group. Comparison of various fetomaternal outcomes was done between these groups.
Results: In women, who had higher than recommended GWG, 30.5% developed GDM, 23.2% had gestational hypertensive disorder, 36.6% developed hypothyroidism, 12.2% had pre-term birth and 15.9% had low birth weight. In recommended GWG category, these were 5.4%, 4.5%, 30.6%, 7.2% and 17.1% respectively; and in below recommended category, these were 14%, 1.9%, 22.4%,12.1% and 24.3% respectively.
Conclusions: GWG generally follows the BMI pattern at the time of entering into pregnancy, higher the BMI more the GWG. More GWG was associated with GDM, Gestational hypertensive disorders and poor APGAR at birth. Below recommended GWG was associated with higher occurrence of GDM. No statistical correlation, between GWG and mode of delivery, NICU stay, preterm birth and birth weight was observed. Larger study is required to establish the applicability of IOM Guidelines for GWG on Indian women.
References
Simas TAM, Waring ME, Sullivan GMT, Liao X, Rosal MC, Hardy JR, et al Institute of medicine 2009 gestational weight gain guideline knowledge: survey of obstetrics/gynecology and family medicine residents of the United States. Birth. 2013;40:237-46.
The Asia-Pacific perspective: redefining obesity and its treatment, World Health Organization. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/206936. Accessed on 20 June 2020.
Yang YD, Yang HX. Investigation into the clinical suitability of institute of Medicine 2009 guidelines regarding weight gain during pregnancy for women with full term singleton fetus in China. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi. 2012;47(9):646-50.
Liu Y, Dai W, Dai X, Li Z. Prepregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain with the outcome of pregnancy: a 13-year study of 292,568 cases in China. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2012;286(4):905-11.
Ota E, Haruna M, Suzuki M, Anh DD, Tho le H, Tam NT, et al. Maternal body mass index and gestational weight gain and their association with perinatal outcomes in Vietnam. Bull World Health Organ. 2011;89(2):127-36.
Wong W, Tang NL, Lau TK, Wong TW. A new recommendation for maternal weight gain in Chinese women. J Am Diet Assoc. 2000;100(7):791-6.
Heerman WJ, Bian A, Shintani A, Barkin SL. The interaction between maternal pre-pregnancy bmi and gestational weight gain shapes infant growth. Acad Pediatr. 2014;14(5): 463-70.
Thorsdottir I, Torfadottir JE, Birgisdottir BE, Geirsson RT. Weight gain in women of normal weight before pregnancy: complications in pregnancy or delivery and birth outcome. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2002;99(5.1):799-806.
Brennand EA, Dannenbaum D, Willows ND. Pregnancy outcomes of first Nations women in relation to pregravid weight and pregnancy weight gain. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada. 2005;27(10):936-44.
Kieffer EC, Tabaei BP, Carman WJ, Nolan GH, Guzman JR, Herman WH. The influence of maternal weight and glucose tolerance on infant birth weight in Latino mother-infant pairs. American Journal of Public Health. 2006;96(12):2201-8.
Li N, Liu E, Guo J, Pan L, Li B, Wang P, et al. Maternal prepregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain on pregnancy outcomes. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(12):e82310.
Chasan-Taber L, Silveira M, Waring ME, Pekow P, Braun B, Manson JAE, et al. Gestational weight gain, body mass index, and risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in a predominantly Puerto Rican population. Matern Child Health J. 2016;20 (9):1804-13.
Li N, Liu E, Guo J, Pan L, Li B, Wang P, et al. Maternal prepregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain on pregnancy outcomes. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(12):e82310.
Bush RA, Connelly CD, Farquharson HR, Johnson M, Estrada J, Tardiel K, et al. Maternal characteristics & gestational weight gain. J Nurs Res Pract. 2018;2(3):15-20.
Zhu T, Tang J, Zhao F, Qu Y, Mua D. Association between maternal obesity and offspring Apgar score or cord pH: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2015;5:18386.
Calika KY, Yildizb NK, Erkayaa R. Effects of gestational weight gain and body mass index on obstetric outcome. Saudi J Bio Sci. 2018;25(6):1085-9.
Baugh N, Harris D, Aboueissa AEM, Sarton C, Lichter E. The impact of maternal obesity and excessive gestational weight gain on maternal and infant outcomes in maine: analysis of pregnancy risk assessment monitoring system results from 2000 to 2010. Journal of Pregnancy. 2016;2016:1-10.
Tabatabaei MSM. Gestational weight gain, prepregnancy body mass index related to pregnancy outcomes in Kazerun, Fars, Iran. J Prenat Med. 2011; 5(2):35-40.
