Hypothyroidism and early pregnancy loss: an overview

Authors

  • Puja Verma Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nalanda Medical College and Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India
  • Dipti Roy Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nalanda Medical College and Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20205248

Keywords:

Early pregnancy loss, Hypothyroidism, TSH

Abstract

Background: Thyroid disorders are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and can lead to spontaneous miscarriages.

Methods: One hundred and four women with early pregnancy loss were enrolled in this study and thyroid profile was done. Thyroid status of women was established on the basis of standard cut-off levels. Prevalence of hypothyroidism (both overt and subclinical) was calculated.

Results: The mean TSH level was 2.3±1.3 μIU/l. Twenty two women had increased TSH level (>2.5 μIU/l) accounting to 21.15% of total women and rest 78.84% women were euthyroid. 15.38% of women presenting with early pregnancy loss were overt hypothyroid and 5.76% of women had subclinical hypothyroidism. The mean TSH level in hypothyroid group was 4.9±2.1.

Conclusions: Hypothyroidism if untreated can lead to first trimester abortions. All pregnant women should be screened for thyroid disorders in their first visit and treatment should be started at the earliest.

References

Baek KH, Lee EJ, Kim YS. Recurrent pregnancy loss: The key potential mechanisms. Trends Mol Med.2007;13:310-7.

Abalovich M, Amino N, Barbour LA. Management of thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy and postpartum: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Meta. 2007;92(8):1-47.

Negro R, Farmoso G, Mangieri T. Levothyroxine treatment in euthyroid pregnant women with autoimmune thyroid disease: effects on obstetrical complications. J Clin Endocrinol Meta. 2006;91:2587-91.

So LB, Mandel SJ. Thyroid disorders during pregnancy. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2006;35:117-36.

Abalovich M, Gutierrez S, Alcaraz G, Maccallini G, Garcia A, Levalle O. Overt and subclinical hypothyroidism complicating pregnancy. Thyroid. 2002;12:63-6.

Ashoor G, Maiz N, Rotas M, Jawdat F, Nicolaides KH. Maternal thyroid function at 11 to 13 weeks of gestation and subsequent fetal death.Thyroid. 2010;20:989-93.

Leduc RG, Iews M, Abdelkareem AO. Prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity and effect of levothyroxine treatment in a cohort of 1064 patients with recurrent pregnancy loss. Reprod Biomed Online. 2020;40(4):582-92.

Rao VR, Lakshmi A, Sadhnani MD. Prevalence of hypothyroidism in recurrent pregnancy loss in first trimester. Indian J Med Sci. 2008;62(9):357-61.

Salek T, Dhaifalah I, Langova D, Havalova J. The prevalence of maternal hypothyroidism in first trimester screening from 11 to 14 weeks of gestation. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2019;163(3):265-8.

Zhang Y, Wang H, Pan X, Teng W, Shan Z. Patients with subclinical hypothyroidism before 20 weeks of pregnancy have a higher risk of miscarriage: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2017;12(4):e0175708.

Downloads

Published

2020-11-26

Issue

Section

Original Research Articles