Effects of injectable contraceptives on intraocular pressure among women of child bearing age

Precious N. Uwagboe; Charles U. Uwagboe; Chioma R. Mba

doi:10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20210290

Authors

Precious N. Uwagboe Department of Optometry, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo state, Nigeria
Charles U. Uwagboe Department of obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
Chioma R. Mba Department of Optometry, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo state, Nigeria

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20210290

Keywords:

Estrogen, Glaucoma, Intraocular pressure, Injectable contraceptives, Progestogen

Abstract

Background: The presence of female sex hormones has been linked to variation in intraocular pressure. Numerous studies have revealed that these hormones exert neuroprotective effect and a vascular effect on intraocular pressure regulation. This study was to determine the effect of injectable contraceptives on intraocular pressure in women of child bearing age.

Methods: It was a cross-sectional study, carried out at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital involving 85 healthy Nigerian women of child bearing age (20-50 years). The women were divided into two groups 20-35 years (Mean age was 29.66±3.43) and 36-50 years (Mean age 40.66±4.41). A brief case history was conducted to gain information on their personal data, oculo-visual history and general health. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured at baseline and two months after injectable contraceptive.

Results: There was no statistical significant difference in the IOP reading at baseline and after injectable contraceptives among women in group 20-35 (p=0.819), whereas women in group 36-50 years showed a Statistical significant difference in their IOP at baseline and after injectable contraceptives (p=0.049).

Conclusions: Injectable contraceptives have significant effect on IOP of healthy women of childbearing age. Further studies involving a larger sample should be conducted over a long duration in order to achieve a better generalization of the findings on this subject matter.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Author Biography

Precious N. Uwagboe, Department of Optometry, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo state, Nigeria

optometry department ,lecturer ii

References

Rocha EM, Wickham LA, Silveira LA. Identification of androgen receptor protein and 5 a-reducase mRNA in humanocular tissues. Br J Opthalmol. 2000;84:76-8.

Ebeigbe J. Sex hormone levels and intraocular pressure in postmenopausal Nigeria women. Afr J Med Sci. 2013;42(4):317-23.

Nuzzi R, Scalabrin S, Becco A, Panzica G. Gonadal hormones and retinal disorders: a review. Front Endocrinol. 2018;9:66.

Perogamvros GI, Ray DW, Trainer PJ. Regulation of cortisol bioavailability-effects on hormone measurement and action. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2012;8(12):717-27.

Snow R, Garcia S, Kureshy N. Attributes of contraceptive technology: women’s preference in seven countries. Beyond acceptability: users perspective on contraception. Reprod Health Matters. 1997:36-48.

Sator MO, Joura EA, Frigo P. Hormone replacement therapy and intraocular pressure. Maturitas. 1997;28:55-8.

Affinito P, Sardo AS, Carlo DC. Effects of hormone replacement therapy on ocular function in postmenopause. Menopause. 2003;10:482-7.

Altintas O, Caglar Y, Yuksel N. The effects of menopause and hormone replacement therapy on quality and quantity of tear, intraocular pressure and ocular blood flow. Ophthalmologica. 2004;18:120-9.

Uncu G, Avci R, Uncu Y. The effects of different hormone replacement therapy regimens on tear function, intraocular pressure and lens opacity. Gynecol Endocrincol. 2006;22:501-5.

Vajaranant TS, Maki PM, Pasquale LR. Effects of hormone therapy on intraocular pressure: the Women’s Health Initiative Sight Exam Study. Am J Ophthalmol. 2016;165:115-24.

Saylik M, Saylik SA. Not only pregnancy but also the number of fetuses in the uterus affects intraocular pressure. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2014;62:680-2.

Green K, Phillips CI, Cheeks L. Aqueous humor flow rate and intraocular pressure during and after pregnancy. Ophthalmic Res. 1988;20:353-7.

Wilke K. Episcleral venous pressure and pregnancy. Acta Ophthalmol Suppl. 1975;125:40-1.

Ofri R, Shore LS, Kass PH. The effect of elevated progesterone levels on intraocular pressure in lions (Panthera leo). Res Vet Sci. 1999;67:121-3.

Lin S, Wang E, Kakigi C. Oral contraceptive use and prevalence of self-reported glaucoma or ocular hypertension in the United States. J Ophthalmol. 2016;123(4):729-36.

Thasarat V, Maki P, Pasquale L, Lee A, Hajwa K, Haan M. Effect of hormone therapy on intraocular pressure. Am J Ophthalmol. 2016;165:115-24.

Altintas O, Caglar Y, Yuksel N, Demirei A, Karabas L. The effect of menopause and hormone replacement therapy on quality and quantity of tear, inttraocular pressure and ocular blood flow. Int J Ophthalmol. 2004;218:120-9.

Lin S, Wang E, Kakigi C. Oral contraceptive use and prevalence of self-reported glaucoma or ocular hypertension in the United States. J Ophthalmol. 2016;123(4):729-36.

Qureshi I. A intraocular pressure: association with menstrual cycle, pregnancy and menopause in apparently healthy women. Chin J Physiol. 1995;38:229-34.

Sait CO, Harun ET, Deniz O, Faith MA, Nese GH, Korhan K. Does HRT change intraocular pressure in post- menopausal women. Eastern J Med. 2017;2(2)53-6.

Pasquele LR, Kang JH. Female reproductive factors and primary open angle glaucoma in the Nurse Health Study. Eye Journal. 2011;25(5):633-41.