Circulating biomarkers of oxidative stress in normal pregnancy and preeclampsia and efficacy of antioxidant supplementation
Keywords:
Preeclampsia, Oxidative stress, Malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxide dismutase (SOD)Abstract
Background: To detect circulating markers of oxidative stress in women with normal pregnancy, women at risk of preeclampsia and women with preeclampsia and to assess the effect of Antioxidants on the levels of markers of oxidative stress in all the groups .
Methods: Quasi experimental study design, an experimental study with multiple arms conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Sawangi (Meghe) Wardha from March 2009 to July 2012.
Results: Of 872 women enrolled, 290 were in the Normal Group (Normotensive women), 302 were in the At Risk Preeclampsia and 280 women allocated to Preeclampsia Group. Maximum numbers of pregnant women were between 20-24 years age group being 74.71%, 74.73% and 67.31% in the normal, at risk of Preeclampsia and preeclampsia group respectively Mean MDA level was 2.44 nmol/ml in normotensive women, 2.45 nmol/ml in at risk of preeclampsia and 4.83 nmol/ml in women with preeclampsia. SOD level in units/gm Hb%. Mean ± SD was 9.58±6.44 in normotensive group, 8.12±6.67, in at risk of preeclampsia group and 6.88±14.90 in preeclampsia group (p<0.05). This is due to antioxidant defense against oxidative stress in preeclampsia with resultant fall in plasma levels of SOD. Rising levels of MDA with the progression of gestation in placebo groups of all the pregnant women (Normotensive, at risk of preeclampsia and preeclampsia) and decline in the levels in those patients supplemented with antioxidant vitamins was observed. However there was no definite trend of significant rise or fall in the level of superoxide dismutase enzyme except in preeclamptic women.
Conclusions: Circulating biomarker, MDA levels were raised significantly in women with preeclampsia. Superoxide dismutase, an antioxidant enzyme showed lower levels in preeclamptic patients. Following antioxidant supplementation marked improvement was noticed in the biochemical indices in all the major groups (normal pregnancy, pregnancy at risk of preeclampsia and preeclampsia). Vitamin supplementation has definite role in reducing the oxidative stress and maternal and perinatal morbidity.
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